{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:16:06Z","timestamp":1789038966794,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterise site\u2010level gingival microcirculation in health and early inflammation without clinical attachment loss (CAL), and to evaluate its relationship with probing\u2010derived clinical parameters and scan\u2010derived gingival colour metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross\u2010sectional observational study, gingival microcirculation was assessed at five maxillary anterior interdental papillae and matched keratinised gingival (KG) sites using a combined laser Doppler flowmetry and tissue spectrophotometry system (O2C), providing oxygen saturation (SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), relative haemoglobin (Hb) and blood flow (Flow). Gingival papilla colour was extracted from intraoral scans and converted to CIE\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      *\n                      <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                      *\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      * metrics. The primary analysis was restricted to sites without clinical attachment loss (CAL\u2009=\u20090\u2009mm), with BOP used as a site\u2010level indicator of gingival inflammation. Site comparisons, correlations and mixed\u2010effects models were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy\u2010four young adults were included. Three\u2010hundred and forty\u2010six papilla sites and their matched KG sites were analysed. KG sites showed higher SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , Hb and Flow than papilla sites. Papilla microcirculation showed substantial heterogeneity, with both between\u2010participant and within\u2010participant\/site\u2010level variance components. Clinical alignment was limited: papillary Hb was associated with probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP), whereas Flow showed weaker associations and SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      showed no significant association. In mixed\u2010effects models, conventional clinical indices accounted for only a small proportion of the variance in papillary microcirculation. Among colour metrics, lightness (\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      *) showed the clearest clinical pattern, being inversely associated with BOP, PD and papillary Hb.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In early gingival inflammation, papillary microcirculation is a measurable and heterogeneous site\u2010level feature that is only partly captured by routine probing\u2010derived parameters. Scan\u2010derived gingival colour, particularly lightness, provides complementary information on local inflammatory status. Additional studies are needed to properly characterise microcirculation and tissue colour across the full health\u2013disease spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T14:23:18Z","timestamp":1785075798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Site\u2010Resolved Gingival Microcirculation and Colour Features in Health and Early Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1464-968X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengning","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Perio\u2010Implant Innovation Center, Oral Biomedical Intelligence Technology (ORAL\u2010BIT) Lab, Institute of Integrated Oral, Craniofacial and Sensory Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  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