{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:45:46Z","timestamp":1791859546586,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether childhood famine exposure affects late\u2010life edentulism using natural experiments from Asia, Europe and America.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilised historical famines as exogenous shocks. Data were pooled from 10 population\u2010based studies across eight countries (165,586 participants). Because the famine\u2010exposed cohort is older at survey than the comparison cohort, we separated famine exposure from the birth\u2010cohort age gradient using a regression discontinuity in time, an interrupted time series, a region\u2010of\u2010birth famine\u2010intensity difference\u2010in\u2010differences, a pre\u2010famine comparison cohort and applied negative controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The crude positive association (risk ratio [RR] 1.69) was eliminated after adjustment for current age (RR 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92\u20131.23), and the famine cohort did not differ from the older pre\u2010famine cohort (RR 0.97). The regression discontinuity (+0.13% points, 95% CI:\u2009\u22121.50 to +1.77), interrupted time series (\u22124.01% points,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.15) and the region\u2010of\u2010birth difference\u2010in\u2010differences in the two Chinese cohorts (unadjusted, both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.07) were null, as were all negative controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Once the birth\u2010cohort age gradient is accounted for, childhood famine exposure shows no detectable effect on late\u2010life edentulism; the crude positive association is largely explained by age confounding, which cross\u2010sectional famine\u2010cohort comparisons do not address.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T01:48:32Z","timestamp":1786931312000},"page":"1673-1680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood Famine Exposure and Late\u2010Life Edentulism: Evidence From Natural Experiments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9391-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian\u2010Edgar","family":"Baumeister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of M\u00fcnster  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colman","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R. 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