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Proliferation and differentiation were assessed by BrdU, qRT\u2010PCR and immunofluorescence. Growth factor signalling was analysed by ELISA, inhibition\/neutralisation experiments, siRNA knockdown and immunoblotting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A\u2010HPFs promoted epithelial proliferation but not differentiation under indirect conditions. In contrast, direct contact triggered epithelial differentiation and AP\u20101 gene induction. EGF mediated proliferation via the EGF receptor (EGFR), whereas HB\u2010EGF induced differentiation via the ErbB4 receptor. HB\u2010EGF knockdown selectively impaired expression of differentiation\u2010associated and AP\u20101 genes without affecting proliferation. Distinct intracellular signalling was observed, with Erk1\/2 activation predominating in indirect coculture and Akt and Stat5 activation in direct coculture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This mechanistic in\u00a0vitro study supports a model in which A\u2010CTG\u2010derived fibroblasts regulate epithelial responses through a transition from paracrine EGF\u2013EGFR to juxtacrine HB\u2010EGF\u2013ErbB4 signalling during wound healing. These findings provide a biological basis for personalised strategies to optimise graft selection and biomaterial functionalisation in periodontal and peri\u2010implant therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:11:26Z","timestamp":1790172686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Context\u2010Dependent Regulation of Epithelial Cell Behaviour by Palatal Connective Tissue Graft\u2010Derived Fibroblasts via\n                    <scp>EGF<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>HB<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>EGF<\/scp>\n                    Signalling"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8550-4038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Nica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine University of Bern  Bern 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