{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:42:53Z","timestamp":1790167373435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,2]],"date-time":"2013-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["151590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health","award":["160106-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["160106-014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinic and community\u2010based epidemiological studies have shown an association between child psychopathology and language impairment. The demands on language for social and academic adjustment shift dramatically during adolescence and the ability to understand the nonliteral meaning in language represented by higher order language becomes essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:\u00a0<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article reports on the association between difficulties in higher order language skills, reading, cognition, and social\u2010emotional adjustment in adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:\u00a0<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>144 clinic\u2010referred and 186 comparison youth aged 12\u201318\u00a0years were administered a battery of standardized tests of intelligence, working memory, structural and higher order language, and reading achievement. Parent ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist were used as a measure of severity of social\u2010emotional problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:\u00a0<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinic\u2010referred youth scored significantly lower than comparison youth on measures of structural and higher order language, working memory, and reading. Of the clinic\u2010referred youth, 45% had some type of higher order language impairment, whereas this was the case for 15% of youth in the comparison group. Lower levels of nonverbal ability and working memory as well as lower level of mothers\u2019 education were associated with greater risk of having higher order language impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:\u00a0<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings have implications for practitioners\u2019 seeking to understand and treat adolescents since therapeutic techniques rely on skills where higher order language is at play including the ability to discuss opinions flexibly and to weigh interpretations. Therapists must be aware that there are areas that have potential for miscommunication with some adolescents and where inaccurate inferences may be made about their behavior. Furthermore, educators must consider resources for youth who may increasingly struggle in high school because of such difficulties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,2]],"date-time":"2013-03-02T07:19:14Z","timestamp":1362208754000},"page":"733-744","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Higher order language competence and adolescent mental health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Nancy J.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hincks\u2010Dellcrest Centre\/Institute Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"OISE\/University of Toronto Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fataneh","family":"Farnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hincks\u2010Dellcrest Centre\/Institute Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"OISE\/University of Toronto Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancie","family":"Im\u2010Bolter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trent University Department of Psychology Oshawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.11.1097","article-title":"Comorbid psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention","volume":"60","author":"Abram K.M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Child behavior checklist","author":"Achenbach T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Youth self\u2010report","author":"Achenbach T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820802051788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9924(03)00019-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199606000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200101000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1987.tb02504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5202.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JACP.0000030297.91759.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01695.x","article-title":"Information processing profiles of internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems: Evidence from a population\u2010based sample of preadolescents","volume":"48","author":"Brunnekreef J.A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008084120205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01858.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820801921601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820500442073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265659010368750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000242241.77302.f4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in child development and behavior, 39","author":"Holmes J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.133.2.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2202_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.2004.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"Developmental variation and learning disabilities","author":"Levine M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050500488223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603110600574538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","volume-title":"Later language development","author":"Nippold M.A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/030)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Characteristics of empirically supported treatments","volume":"9","author":"O'Donohue W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Psychotherapy, Practice, and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579404044591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"The science of reading","author":"Perfetti C.A.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026565901671891707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Test of language competence \u2013 Expanded","author":"Semel E.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals\u20104","author":"Semel E.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040400010132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01631.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2010.09.004"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_9_45_1.1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2006).Census tract"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_9_45_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(CT) profiles. Catalogue No. 92\u2010597\u2010XWE.http:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2006\/dp-pd\/prof\/92-597\/index.cfm?Lang=E[last accessed 15 october 2012].","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.075192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4102.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200002000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.6.1038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.1.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Individual Achievement Test","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","volume-title":"The Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability\u2010Third Edition with Normative Update","author":"Woodcock R. W.","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjcpp.12060","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjcpp.12060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.12060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T17:21:15Z","timestamp":1762190475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.12060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,2]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.12060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,2]]}}}