{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1773838316518,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["HD060986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD060986"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["MH065877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH065877"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early childhood malnutrition is associated with cognitive and behavioral impairment during childhood and adolescence, but studies in adulthood are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      personality inventory, we compared personality profiles at 37\u201343\u00a0years of age (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      40.3\u00a0years,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      1.9) of Barbadian adults who had experienced moderate\u2010to\u2010severe protein\u2010energy malnutrition (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in the first year of life (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a077) with healthy controls, who were former classmates of the index cases and were matched for age, gender, and handedness in childhood (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a057). The previously malnourished participants had been rehabilitated, with good health and nutrition documented up to 12\u00a0years of age, and study participants were followed longitudinally from childhood to 40\u00a0years. Group comparisons were adjusted for childhood and adolescent standard of living, with and without correcting for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the broad domain or factor level, previously malnourished participants had higher scores on Neuroticism and lower scores on Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness than did the healthy controls. At the subdomain or facet level, previously malnourished participants reported more anxiety, vulnerability, shyness and lowered sociability, less intellectual curiosity, greater suspiciousness of others, a more egocentric than altruistic orientation, and a lowered sense of efficacy or competence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malnutrition limited to the first year of life with good health and nutrition documented up to 12\u00a0years of age is associated with a significant overrepresentation of adult personality trait scores outside of the average range. This outcome has important implications for a variety of important life and mental health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T21:05:11Z","timestamp":1363208711000},"page":"911-919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Malnutrition in the first year of life and personality at age 40"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Janina R.","family":"Galler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Judge Baker Children's Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Barbados Nutrition Study Bridgetown Barbados"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyralene P.","family":"Bryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbados Nutrition Study Bridgetown Barbados"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam L.","family":"Zichlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Judge Baker Children's Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah P.","family":"Waber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Boston Harvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Exner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garrett M.","family":"Fitzmaurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"McLean Hospital Belmont MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul T.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.106294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO\u2010PI\u2010R) and NEO five\u2010factor inventory (NEO\u2010FFI) professional manual","author":"Costa P.T.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10423-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Early nutrition and later achievement","author":"Galler J.R.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/147683011X13009738172521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0073","article-title":"Socioeconomic outcomes in adults malnourished in the first year of life: A 40\u2010year study","volume":"130","author":"Galler J.R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.145441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.1998.11747223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"The influence of early malnutrition on subsequent behavioral development. 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