{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:10:53Z","timestamp":1791231053528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 MH63096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH63096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NICHD","award":["R01 HD069171-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD069171-11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Growing research on children's traits as moderators of links between parenting and developmental outcomes has shown that variations in positivity, warmth, or responsiveness in parent\u2013child relationships are particularly consequential for temperamentally difficult or biologically vulnerable children. But very few studies have addressed the moderating role of children's callous\u2010unemotional (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) traits, a known serious risk factor for antisocial cascades. We examined children's\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits as moderators of links between parent\u2013child Mutually Responsive Orientation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and shared positive affect and future externalizing behavior problems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants included 100 two\u2010parent community families of normally developing children, followed longitudinally.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and shared positive affect in mother\u2013child and father\u2013child dyads were observed in lengthy, diverse naturalistic contexts when children were 38 and 52\u00a0months. Both parents rated children's\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits at 67\u00a0months and their externalizing behavior problems (Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder) at 67, 80, and 100\u00a0months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children's\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits moderated links between early positive parent\u2013child relationships and children's future externalizing behavior problems, even after controlling for strong continuity of those problems. For children with elevated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits, higher mother\u2013child\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and father\u2013child shared positive affect predicted a decrease in mother\u2010reported future behavior problems. There were no significant associations for children with relatively lower\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Positive qualities for early relationships, potentially different for mother\u2013child and father\u2013child dyads, can serve as potent factors that decrease probability of antisocial developmental cascades for children who are at risk due to elevated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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