{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:09:50Z","timestamp":1790665790378,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]],"date-time":"2013-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although neurodevelopmental disorders are demarcated as discrete entities in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of mental disorders, empirical evidence indicates that there is a high degree of overlap among them. The first aim of this investigation was to explore if a single general factor could account for the large degree of observed overlap among neurodevelopmental problems, and explore whether this potential factor was primarily genetic or environmental in origin. The second aim was to explore whether there was systematic covariation, either genetic or environmental, over and above that contributed by the potential general factor, unique to each syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parents of all Swedish 9\u2010 and 12\u2010year\u2010old twin pairs born between 1992 and 2002 were targeted for interview regarding problems typical of autism spectrum disorders,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and other neurodevelopmental conditions (response rate: 80 percent). Structural equation modeling was conducted on 6,595 pairs to examine the genetic and environmental structure of 53 neurodevelopmental problems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One general genetic factor accounted for a large proportion of the phenotypic covariation among the 53 symptoms. Three specific genetic subfactors identified \u2018impulsivity,\u2019 \u2018learning problems,\u2019 and \u2018tics and autism,\u2019 respectively. Three unique environment factors identified \u2018autism,\u2019 \u2018hyperactivity and impulsivity,\u2019 and \u2018inattention and learning problems,\u2019 respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One general genetic factor was responsible for the wide\u2010spread phenotypic overlap among all neurodevelopmental symptoms, highlighting the importance of addressing broad patient needs rather than specific diagnoses. The unique genetic factors may help guide diagnostic nomenclature, whereas the unique environmental factors may highlight that neurodevelopmental symptoms are responsive to change at the individual level and may provide clues into different mechanisms and treatments. Future research would benefit from assessing the general factor separately from specific factors to better understand observed overlap among neurodevelopmental problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]],"date-time":"2013-10-15T12:20:40Z","timestamp":1381839640000},"page":"1356-1365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Different neurodevelopmental symptoms have a common genetic etiology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Anckars\u00e4ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gillberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Revised 4th edn)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.14.6.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510903008204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69041-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164404272507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0102_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.10.4.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.3.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2011.25.3.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800170073010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02098864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00521.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.2.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.3.358"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Autism \u2013 Tics, AD\/HD and other comorbidities (A\u2010TAC): Further validation of a telephone interview for epidemiological research","volume":"10","author":"Larson T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10020223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000377"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2005.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206000788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume-title":"Perspectives in psychological experimentation: Toward the year 2000","author":"Nesselroade J.R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"Raiche G.(2010).nFactors: An R package for parallel analysis and non graphical solutions to the Cattell scree test. 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