{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T19:31:02Z","timestamp":1783798262760,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"VIDI NWO","award":["452-05-345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["452-05-345"]}]},{"name":"VICI NWO","award":["453-09-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["453-09-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anxiety runs in families. Observational learning of anxious behavior from parents with anxiety disorders plays an important role in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety. We investigated the link between parental anxiety (parental lifetime anxiety disorders and expressed parental anxiety) and toddler fear\/avoidance during social referencing (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) situations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Toddlers (\n                      <jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      117) participated with both parents (with lifetime social anxiety disorder, other nonsocial anxiety disorders, lifetime comorbid social and other anxiety disorders, or without anxiety disorders) in a longitudinal study. Behavioral inhibition (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was measured at 12\u00a0months via observational tasks. At 30\u00a0months, children were confronted with a stranger and a remote\u2010control robot in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      situations, separately with each parent. Children's fear and avoidance, and parents' expressions of anxiety, encouragement, and overcontrol were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Toddlers of parents with lifetime social anxiety disorder (alone and comorbid with other anxiety disorders) showed more fear\/avoidance in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      situations than toddlers of parents without anxiety disorders, while the effect of other anxiety disorders alone was not significant. Although expressed parental anxiety at 30\u00a0months in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      situations did not significantly predict toddlers' fear\/avoidance, higher levels of expressed anxiety at 12\u00a0months in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      situations by parents with comorbid social and other anxiety disorders predicted higher levels of fear\/avoidance.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      at 12\u00a0months predicted toddlers' fear\/avoidance only with mothers, but not with fathers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parental lifetime social anxiety disorders may be a stronger predictor of children's fear\/avoidance than parents' expressions of anxiety in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      situations in toddlerhood. End of infancy may be a sensitive time for learning of anxiety from parents with comorbid lifetime social and nonsocial anxiety disorders in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      situations. Fathers are as important as mothers in the transmission of anxiety via\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Furthermore, children may act relatively free of their early temperament in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      situations with fathers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T10:24:34Z","timestamp":1375439074000},"page":"77-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Parental social anxiety disorder prospectively predicts toddlers' fear\/avoidance in a social referencing paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Evin","family":"Aktar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Majdand\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute 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