{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:09:33Z","timestamp":1778260173559,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["T32HD007151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HD007151"]}]},{"name":"University of Minnesota Center","award":["MH068857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH068857"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Youth with histories of institutional\/orphanage care are at increased risk for externalizing and internalizing problems during childhood and adolescence. Although these problems have been well described, the related adolescent behaviors of risk\u2010taking and sensation\u2010seeking have not yet been explored in this population. This study examined risk\u2010taking and sensation\u2010seeking propensity, and associations with conduct problems and depressive symptoms, in early adolescents who were adopted as young children from institutional care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Risk\u2010taking and sensation\u2010seeking propensities of 12\u2010 and 13\u2010year\u2010old postinstitutionalized (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      54) adolescents were compared with two groups: youth who were internationally adopted early from foster care (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      44) and nonadopted youth (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      58). Participants were recruited to equally represent pre\/early\u2010 and mid\/late\u2010pubertal stages within each group. Participants completed the youth version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (Lejuez et\u00a0al., ) and the Sensation\u2010Seeking Scale for Children (Russo et\u00a0al., ). Parents completed clinical ratings of participants' conduct problems and depressive symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      adolescents demonstrated lower risk\u2010taking than\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      peers. Pre\/early\u2010pubertal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      youth showed lower sensation\u2010seeking, while mid\/late\u2010pubertal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      youth did not differ from other groups.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      adolescents had higher levels of conduct problems but did not differ from the other youth in depressive symptoms. In\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      youth only, conduct problems were negatively correlated with risk\u2010taking and positively correlated with sensation\u2010seeking, while depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with both risk\u2010taking and sensation\u2010seeking.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Early institutional care is associated with less risk\u2010taking and sensation\u2010seeking during adolescence. The deprived environment of an institution likely contributes to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      youth having a preference for safe choices, which may only be partially reversed with puberty. Whether this reflects hyporesponsiveness to rewards and how it relates to psychopathology are discussed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T21:57:32Z","timestamp":1392847052000},"page":"1145-1152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Risk\u2010taking and sensation\u2010seeking propensity in postinstitutionalized early adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Loman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 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