{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:51:33Z","timestamp":1774464693064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]],"date-time":"2014-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01MH062873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH062873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32-109591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32-109591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Difficulties with performance and brain activity related to attentional orienting (Cue\u2010P3), cognitive or response preparation (Cue\u2010\n CNV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and inhibitory response control (Nogo\u2010P3) during tasks tapping executive functions are familial in\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and may represent endophenotypes. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of dopamine receptor D4 (\n DRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4) and dopamine transporter (\n DAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1) gene polymorphisms on these processes in\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and control children.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Behavioural and electrophysiological parameters from cued continuous performance tests with low and high attentional load were assessed in boys with\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n combined type (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a094) and controls without family history of\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a031). Both groups were split for the presence of at least one\n DRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4 7\u2010repeat allele and the\n DAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1 10\u20106 haplotype.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Children with\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed diminished performance and lower Cue\u2010P3,\n CNV<\/jats:styled-content>\n and Nogo\u2010P3 amplitudes. Children with\n DRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4 7R showed similar performance problems and lower Cue\u2010P3 and\n CNV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , but Nogo\u2010P3 was not reduced. Children with the\n DAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1 10\u20106 haplotype had no difficulties with performance or Cue\u2010P3 and\n CNV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , but contrary to expectations increased Nogo\u2010P3. There were no Genotype by\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n interactions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This study detected specific effects of\n DRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4 7R on performance and brain activity related to attentional orienting and response preparation, while\n DAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1 10\u20106 was associated with elevated brain activity related to inhibitory response control, which potentially compensates increased impulsivity. As these genotype effects were additive to the impact of\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , the current results indicate that\n DRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4 and\n DAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1 polymorphisms are functionally relevant risk factors for\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and presumably other disorders sharing these endophenotypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]],"date-time":"2014-02-13T01:52:52Z","timestamp":1392256372000},"page":"914-923","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Genetics of preparation and response control in\n ADHD<\/scp>\n : the role of\n DRD<\/scp>\n 4 and\n DAT<\/scp>\n 1"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Human Physiology University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich University of Zurich and ETH Zurich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik Uebel\u2010","family":"von Sandersleben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Valko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health University of Erlangen Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Heckscher\u2010Klinik M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Drechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Heise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonna","family":"Kuntsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ueli C.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Interkantonale Hochschule f\u00fcr Heilp\u00e4dagogik Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Asherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London MRC 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