{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:01:23Z","timestamp":1789704083723,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006211","name":"Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K08MH082116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08MH082116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oppositional defiant disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) has components of both irritability and defiance. It remains unclear whether children with variation in these domains have different adult outcomes. This study examined the concurrent and predictive validity of classes of oppositional defiant behavior.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Latent class analysis was performed on the oppositional defiant problems scale of the Child Behavior Checklist in two samples, one in the US (the Achenbach Normative Sample,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02029) and one in the Netherlands (the Zuid\u2010Holland Study,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02076). A third sample of American children (The Vermont Family Study,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0399) was examined to determine concurrent validity with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      diagnoses. Predictive validity over 14\u00a0years was assessed using the Zuid\u2010Holland Study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four classes of oppositional defiant problems were consistent in the two latent class analyses: No Symptoms, All Symptoms, Irritable, and Defiant. Individuals in the No Symptoms Class were rarely diagnosed concurrently with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      or any future disorder. Individuals in the All Symptoms Class had an increased frequency of concurrent childhood diagnosis of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and of violence in adulthood. Subjects in the Irritable Class had low concurrent diagnosis of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , but increased odds of adult mood disorders. Individuals in the Defiant Class had low concurrent diagnosis of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , but had increased odds of violence as adults.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Only children in the All Symptoms class were likely to have a concurrent diagnosis of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Although not diagnosed with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , children in the Irritable Class were more likely to have adult mood disorders and children in the Defiant Class were more likely to engage in violent behavior.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T09:44:58Z","timestamp":1395827098000},"page":"1162-1171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Classes of oppositional\u2010defiant behavior: concurrent and predictive validity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Althoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics College of Medicine University of Vermont Burlington VT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Vermont  Burlington VT 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