{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:03:50Z","timestamp":1791122630637,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 MH070935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH070935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 MH70564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH70564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DSIR 84-CTM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DSIR 84-CTM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR000067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n This study examined the effects of atomoxetine (\n ATX<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n OROS<\/jats:styled-content>\n methylphenidate (\n MPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) on laboratory measures of inhibitory control and attention in youth with attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). It was hypothesized that performance would be improved by both treatments, but response profiles would differ because the medications work via different mechanisms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and two youth (77 male; mean age\u00a0=\u00a010.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7\u00a0years) with\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n received\n ATX<\/jats:styled-content>\n (1.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5\u00a0mg\/kg) and\n MPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n (52.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.6\u00a0mg) in a randomized, double\u2010blind, crossover design. Medication was titrated in 4\u20136\u2010week blocks separated by a 2\u2010week placebo washout. Inhibitory control and attention measures were obtained at baseline, following washout, and at the end of each treatment using Conners' Continuous Performance Test\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), which provided age\u2010adjusted\n T<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010scores for reaction time (\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), reaction time variability (\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n variability), and errors. Repeated\u2010measures analyses of variance were performed, with Time (premedication, postmedication) and Treatment type (\n ATX<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) entered as within\u2010subject factors. Data from the two treatment blocks were checked for order effects and combined if order effects were not present. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov:\n NCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 00183391.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Main effects for Time on\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.03),\n RTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.001), and omission errors (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.01) were significant. A significant Drug\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Time interaction indicated that\n MPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n improved\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n RTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and omission errors more than\n ATX<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a0.05). Changes in performance with treatment\n did not<\/jats:italic>\n correlate with changes in\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n MPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n has greater effects than\n ATX<\/jats:styled-content>\n on\n CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n measures of sustained attention in youth with\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . However, the dissociation of cognitive and behavioral change with treatment indicates that\n CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n measures cannot be considered proxies for symptomatic improvement. Further research on the dissociation of cognitive and behavioral endpoints for\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n is indicated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T06:33:55Z","timestamp":1403159635000},"page":"40-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Differential impact of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on sustained attention in youth with attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Anne\u2010Claude V.","family":"B\u00e9dard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Queens College\/City University of New York New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Krone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estrella","family":"Rajwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Queens College\/City University of New York New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Newcorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90194-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00346-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","article-title":"Atomoxetine modulates right inferior frontal activation during inhibitory control: A pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study","author":"Chamberlain S.R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","article-title":"Effects of Methylphenidate on Cognitive Functions in Children and Adolescents with Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from a Systematic Review and a Meta\u2010Analysis","author":"Coghill D.R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Conners C.K.(2000).I. 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