{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:43:31Z","timestamp":1772829811680,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]],"date-time":"2014-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["P30-EY010608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-EY010608"]}]},{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Clinical and Translational Science Award","award":["TL1RR024147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1RR024147"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["0924636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0924636"]}]},{"name":"Philanthropic Educational Organization National Scholar Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Reports conflict as to whether Tourette syndrome (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) confers deficits in executive function. This study's aim was to evaluate executive function in youths with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      using oculomotor tasks while controlling for confounds of tic severity, age, medication, and severity of comorbid disorders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four saccade tasks requiring the executive functions of response generation, response inhibition, and working memory (prosaccade, antisaccade, 0\u2010back, and 1\u2010back) were administered. Twenty youths with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and low tic severity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010low), nineteen with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and moderate tic severity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010moderate), and 29 typically developing control subjects (Controls) completed the oculomotor tasks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were small differences across groups in the prosaccade task. Controlling for any small sensorimotor differences,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010moderate subjects had significantly higher error rates than Controls and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010low subjects in the 0\u2010back and 1\u2010back tasks. In the 1\u2010back task, these patients also took longer to respond than Controls or\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010low subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a highly controlled design, the findings demonstrate for the first time that increased tic severity in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is associated with impaired response inhibition and impaired working memory and that these executive function deficits cannot be accounted for by differences in age, medication or comorbid symptom severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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