{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:27:49Z","timestamp":1791563269049,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,4]],"date-time":"2014-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Development in Gavleborg"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Habilitation Clinic in Gavle"},{"name":"VG Region Scientific Fund"},{"name":"Jerring Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003745","name":"Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Petter Silfverskiold Foundation"},{"name":"Golje Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010820","name":"AnnMarie and Per Ahlqvist Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010820","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swedish Child Neuropsychiatry Science Foundation"},{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To examine the diagnostic stability of a childhood diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) into adulthood in a prospective longitudinal study, and identify the predictors of stability.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred males with\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosed in childhood (T0) according to Gillberg's\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n criteria, were followed up prospectively into adulthood over an average of 19\u00a0years (range 13\u201326\u00a0years). Fifty males (mean age 30\u00a0years) participated in this second follow\u2010up (T2) of the cohort. Seventy\u2010six had participated in a previous follow\u2010up (T1) at mean age 22\u00a0years (47 participated in both follow\u2010ups). Diagnosis at T2 was assessed using three sets of diagnostic criteria (Gillberg's\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n criteria,\n DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n Pervasive Developmental Disorder (\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20105 Autism Spectrum Disorder (\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) criteria) and compared to previous assessments. Background predictors of diagnostic stability were analyzed. General functioning at T2 was assessed and compared to T1.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There was a decline in the stability of\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis over time, the rate dropping from 82% at T1 to 44% at T2, when using the Gillberg criteria. There was also a significant decrease in the rate of cases fulfilling any\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis according to the\n DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , from 91% at T1 to 76% at T2 in the 47 cases followed up twice. Severity of autism spectrum symptoms at T1 was the main predictor of diagnostic stability at T2. Twenty percent of those meeting criteria for a\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis according to\n DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , did not meet\n DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20105\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n criteria although they had marked difficulties in everyday life.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Asperger Syndrome, when considered as an\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis, was fairly stable into adulthood, but there was a significant increase over time in cases no longer meeting criteria for an\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis according to the\n DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , or\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n according to the Gillberg criteria. Cases with a stable diagnosis showed significantly more core\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms in adolescence\/young adulthood.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,4]],"date-time":"2014-10-04T01:10:20Z","timestamp":1412385020000},"page":"711-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Asperger syndrome in males over two decades: stability and predictors of diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Helles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina I.","family":"Gillberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University Gothenburg 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