{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:08:10Z","timestamp":1792087690694,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies of war\u2010affected youth have not yet examined how trauma memories relate to prospective changes in mental health and to subjective or social experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We interviewed a gender\u2010balanced, randomly selected sample of Afghan child\u2010caregiver dyads (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      331, two waves, 1\u00a0year apart). We assessed lifetime trauma with a Traumatic Event Checklist, past\u2010year events with a checklist of risk and protective events, and several child mental health outcomes including posttraumatic distress (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRIES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and depression. We examined the consistency of trauma recall over time, identified mental health trajectories with latent transition modeling, and assessed the predictors of posttraumatic distress and depression trajectories with multinomial logistic regressions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From baseline to follow\u2010up, reports of lifetime trauma significantly changed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01). A third of the cohort reported no trauma exposure; only 10% identified the same event as their most distressing experience. We identified four\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRIES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      trajectories: low or no distress (52%), rising distress (15%), declining distress (21%), and sustained high distress (12%). Youth with chronic posttraumatic distress were more likely to be girls (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05.78,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01), report more trauma exposure at baseline (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.55,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) and follow\u2010up (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01), and experience ongoing domestic violence (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04.84,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01). The risks of rising distress and sustained distress showed a steady increase for youth recalling up to four traumatic experiences. Depression and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRIES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      trajectories showed weak comorbidity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Memories of violent events are malleable, embedded in social experiences, and present heterogeneous associations with posttraumatic distress. Our study provides insights on resilience and vulnerability to multiple adverse childhood experiences, highlighting research and clinical implications for understanding trauma in conflict\u2010affected youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T04:58:21Z","timestamp":1415681901000},"page":"814-825","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Trauma memories, mental health, and resilience: a\u00a0prospective study of Afghan youth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Panter\u2010Brick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Pascale","family":"Grimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics Duke University Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Political Science Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Eggerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MacMillan Center for International and Area\u00a0Studies Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025408090972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199769100.013.0034","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of poverty and child development","author":"Betancourt 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