{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:38:12Z","timestamp":1791362292272,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01MH090301\u00a0MB-G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH090301\u00a0MB-G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01MH082830 LSW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH082830 LSW"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Identifying anxiety disorders in preschool\u2010age children represents an important clinical challenge. Observation is essential to clinical assessment and can help differentiate normative variation from clinically significant anxiety. Yet, most anxiety assessment methods for young children rely on parent\u2010reports. The goal of this article is to present and preliminarily test the reliability and validity of a novel observational paradigm for assessing a range of fearful and anxious behaviors in young children, the Anxiety Dimensional Observation Schedule (Anx\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A diverse sample of 403 children, aged 3 to 6 years, and their mothers was studied. Reliability and validity in relation to parent reports (Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment) and known risk factors, including indicators of behavioral inhibition (latency to touch novel objects) and attention bias to threat (in the dot\u2010probe task) were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Anx\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      demonstrated good inter\u2010rater reliability and internal consistency. Evidence for convergent validity was demonstrated relative to mother\u2010reported separation anxiety, social anxiety, phobic avoidance, trauma symptoms, and past service use. Finally, fearfulness was associated with observed latency and attention bias toward threat.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Findings support the Anx\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as a method for capturing early manifestations of fearfulness and anxiety in young children. Multimethod assessments incorporating standardized methods for assessing discrete, observable manifestations of anxiety may be beneficial for early identification and clinical intervention efforts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T01:23:07Z","timestamp":1426468987000},"page":"1017-1025","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Development of a novel observational measure for anxiety in young children: The Anxiety Dimensional Observation Scale"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Nicholas D.","family":"Mian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice S.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Pine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health Division of Intramural Research Programs Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren S.","family":"Wakschlag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Institute for Policy Research Northwestern University Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret J.","family":"Briggs\u2010Gowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington CT 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