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A number of researchers have suggested that the pattern of normative brain changes that occurs during this period not only predisposes adolescents to engage in risk behaviours, such as experimentation with drugs, but that they additionally make the adolescent brain more vulnerable to the direct pharmacological impact of substances of abuse. The neural circuits that we examine in this review involve cortico\u2010basal\u2010ganglia\/limbic networks implicated in the processing of rewards, emotion regulation, and the control of behaviour, emotion and cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identify certain neurocognitive and personality\/comorbidity\u2010based risk factors for the onset of substance misuse during adolescence, and summarise the evidence suggesting that these risk factors may be further impacted by the direct effect of drugs on the underlying neural circuits implicated in substance misuse vulnerability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,20]],"date-time":"2016-02-20T03:10:37Z","timestamp":1455937837000},"page":"371-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Annual Research Review: On the developmental neuropsychology of substance use disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"J. Conrod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience Kings College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience Kings College London London UK"},{"name":"Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The 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