{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:10:28Z","timestamp":1787015428110,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006370","name":"Small Business Innovation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["453\u201009\u2010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["453\u201009\u2010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Autonomic hyperarousal in social situations is considered a genetic vulnerability factor for social anxiety disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), but so far it is unstudied in children at risk for developing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . We examined autonomic activity during socially stressful tasks in children of mothers and fathers with and without lifetime\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      to reveal possible biological mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred ten children aged 4.5\u00a0years were asked to sing a song in front of an audience and watch back their performance in the presence of that audience. Heart rate (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), heart rate variability (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), electrodermal activity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and blushing (cheek blood flow and temperature) were measured in anticipation of, during, and after the tasks. Both parents\u2019 lifetime\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      status was assessed, and both parents reported about their own and their child's social anxiety symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children of parents with lifetime\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      blushed more during the socially challenging tasks than children of parents without\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Moreover, children of parents with more social anxiety symptoms showed increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      throughout the tasks. Finally, more blushing, increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and reduced\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were associated with greater child social anxiety.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study adds to the current knowledge on the intergenerational transmission of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      by providing evidence that children at risk for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are characterized by excessive blushing in socially challenging situations. The findings also demonstrate that heightened autonomic activity is a characteristic of social anxiety already during early childhood. Hence, autonomic hyperarousal, and blushing in particular, is likely to play an etiological role in the development of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T02:07:11Z","timestamp":1462154831000},"page":"1047-1055","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Autonomic arousal in children of parents with and without social anxiety disorder: a high\u2010risk study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Milica","family":"Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieke","family":"de Vente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Colonnesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"B\u00f6gels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410903532643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(97)00003-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.97.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022812227606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00096-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199712)4:4<251::AID-CPP136>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016275700203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM\u2010IV","author":"Brown T.A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"00022","article-title":"A cognitive model of social phobia","volume":"41","author":"Clark D.M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930902847151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502163732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374411003691701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00197-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","volume-title":"Galen's prophecy","author":"Kagan J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130685"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.122.3.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.60.2.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Self\u2010conscious emotions","volume":"83","author":"Lewis M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Scientist"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1279.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.1996.tb00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930341000112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00172-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","unstructured":"Molenkamp B.(2011).VSRRP98 Manual Version 8.0. 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