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The Two Bag Task was used to measure 2\u2010year or 4\u2010year parenting dimensions. Children's reading, math, gross motor, and fine motor scores were assessed at 5\u00a0years. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to test the interactions between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and 2\u2010year or 4\u2010year parenting dimensions on 5\u2010year cognitive and psychomotor outcomes (dependent variables).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were significant interactions between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and early parenting on 5\u2010year reading, math, and fine motor scores. The gap between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      children in 5\u2010year fine motor score was attenuated to null [\u22120.25 (95% confidence interval, \u22120.41, \u22120.09) vs. 0.03 (\u22120.13, 0.20)] when 2\u2010year parental sensitivity score increased from 1 standard deviation (\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) below mean (Mean\u00a0\u2212\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) to 1\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      above mean (Mean\u00a0+\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). The gap between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      children in 5\u2010year fine motor [\u22120.28 (\u22120.44, \u22120.13) vs. 0.06 (\u22120.09, 0.22)] and math [\u22121.32 (\u22122.27, \u22120.37) vs. 0.20 (\u22120.77, 1.17)] scores was also attenuated to null when 4\u2010year parental emotional support score increased from Mean\u00a0\u2212\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      to Mean\u00a0+\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In contrast, the gap between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      children in 5\u2010year reading score increased from 0.49 (\u22120.90, 1.88) to \u22121.31 (\u22122.55, \u22120.07) when 4\u2010year parental intrusiveness score increased from Mean\u00a0\u2212\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      to Mean\u00a0+\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Similarly, the gap between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      children in fine motor score increased with 4\u2010year parental negative regard from 0.02 (\u22120.14, 0.18) to \u22120.23 (\u22120.38, \u22120.08).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Early high\u2010quality parenting may buffer some adversity in long\u2010term\u00a0reading, math, and fine motor skills related to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      birth, whereas low\u2010quality parenting can amplify the adversity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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