{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T15:40:56Z","timestamp":1792338056954,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Autism spectrum disorder (\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a frequent developmental disorder characterized by pervasive deficits in social interaction, impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication, and stereotyped patterns of interests and activities. It has been previously reported that there is vitamin D deficiency in autistic children; however, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n children.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This study is a double\u2010blinded, randomized clinical trial (\n RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) that was conducted on 109 children with\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (85 boys and 24 girls; aged 3\u201310\u00a0years). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the core symptoms of autism in children.\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients were randomized to receive vitamin D3 or placebo for 4\u00a0months. The serum levels of 25\u2010hydroxycholecalciferol (25 (\n OH<\/jats:styled-content>\n )D) were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. The autism severity and social maturity of the children were assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (\n CARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (\n ABC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), Social Responsiveness Scale (\n SRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (\n ATEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Trial registration number:\n UMIN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n CTR<\/jats:styled-content>\n Study Design\n :<\/jats:italic>\n trial number\n :<\/jats:italic>\n UMIN<\/jats:styled-content>\n 000020281.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Supplementation of vitamin D was well tolerated by the\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n children. The daily doses used in the therapy group was 300\u00a0\n IU<\/jats:styled-content>\n vitamin D3\/kg\/day, not to exceed 5,000\u00a0\n IU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/day. The autism symptoms of the children improved significantly, following 4\u2010month vitamin D3 supplementation, but not in the placebo group. This study demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of high doses of vitamin D3 in children with\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This study is the first double\u2010blinded\n RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n proving the efficacy of vitamin D3 in\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. Depending on the parameters measured in the study, oral vitamin D supplementation may safely improve signs and symptoms of\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and could be recommended for children with\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . At this stage, this study is a single\n RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n with a small number of patients, and a great deal of additional wide\u2010scale studies are needed to critically validate the efficacy of vitamin D in\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T00:02:48Z","timestamp":1479686568000},"page":"20-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Retracted: Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8473-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed 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-K.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Aswan University Aswan Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Bj\u00f8rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Mo i Rana Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio A.","family":"Urbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK"},{"name":"Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanogr\u00e1ficas Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n Concepci\u00f3n Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Gamil M.","family":"Abo\u2010Elela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Qena Faculty of Medicine South Valley University Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal\u2010Alkhateeb","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled A.","family":"Abd El\u2010Baseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Qena Faculty of Medicine South Valley University Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Qena Faculty of Medicine South Valley University Qena 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