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Moreover, it is unknown whether genetic and environmental innovations provide incremental prediction for educational achievement from childhood to adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined genetic and environmental influences on parental ratings of behavior problems across childhood (age 4) and adolescence (ages 12 and 16) as predictors of educational achievement at age 16 using a longitudinal classical twin design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shared\u2010environmental influences on anxiety, conduct problems, and peer problems at age 4 predicted educational achievement at age 16. Genetic influences on the externalizing behaviors of conduct problems and hyperactivity at age 4 predicted educational achievement at age 16. Moreover, novel genetic and (to a lesser extent) nonshared\u2010environmental influences acting on conduct problems and hyperactivity emerged at ages 12 and 16, adding to the genetic prediction from age 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that genetic and shared\u2010environmental factors underpinning behavior problems in early childhood predict educational achievement in midadolescence. These findings are consistent with the notion that early\u2010childhood behavior problems reflect the initiation of a life\u2010course persistent trajectory with concomitant implications for social attainment. However, we also find evidence that genetic and nonshared\u2010environment innovations acting on behavior problems have implications for subsequent educational achievement, consistent with recent work arguing that adolescence represents a sensitive period for socioaffective development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T09:27:39Z","timestamp":1478770059000},"page":"292-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Externalizing problems in childhood and adolescence predict subsequent educational achievement but for different genetic and environmental reasons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Royal Holloway University of London Egham Surrey 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