{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T18:12:52Z","timestamp":1762193572695,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH064824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH064824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is a genetic disorder that greatly increases risk of developing schizophrenia. We previously characterized cerebral surface morphology trajectories from late childhood to mid adolescence in a cohort of youth with 22q11\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Herein, we extend the study period into early adulthood, and describe further the trajectories associated with severe psychiatric symptoms in this cohort.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants included 76 youth with 22q11\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and 30 unaffected siblings, assessed at three timepoints, during which high resolution, anatomic magnetic resonance images were acquired. High\u2010dimensional, nonlinear warping algorithms were applied to images in order to derive characteristics of cerebral surface morphology for each participant at each timepoint. Repeated\u2010measures, linear regressions using a mixed model were conducted, while covarying for age and sex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alterations in cerebral surface morphology during late adolescence\/early adulthood in individuals with 22q11\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were observed in the lateral frontal, orbitofrontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and cerebellar regions. An Age x Diagnosis interaction revealed that relative to unaffected siblings, individuals with 22q11\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      showed age\u2010related surface protrusions in the prefrontal cortex (which remained stable or increased during early adulthood), and surface indentations in posterior regions (which seemed to level off during late adolescence). Symptoms of psychosis were associated with a trajectory of surface indentations in the orbitofrontal and parietal regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results advance our understanding of cerebral maturation in individuals with 22q11\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and provide clinically relevant information about the psychiatric phenotype associated with the longitudinal trajectory of cortical surface morphology in youth with this genetic syndrome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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