{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:19:03Z","timestamp":1792844343063,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Childhood maltreatment (\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders in childhood and adulthood. Previous findings suggest that the association between\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n and psychiatric disorders is partly causal and partly due to familial confounding, but few studies have investigated the mechanisms behind the association between\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n and neurodevelopmental disorders (\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s). Our objective was to determine whether maltreated children have an elevated number of\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and whether\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n is a risk factor for an increased\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2018load\u2019 and increased\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms when controlling for familial effects.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We used a cross\u2010sectional sample from a population\u2010representative Swedish twin study, comprising 8,192 nine\u2010year\u2010old twins born in Sweden between 1997 and 2005.\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n was defined as parent\u2010reported exposure to emotional abuse\/neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse, and\/or sexual abuse. Four\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were measured with the Autism\u2013Tics,\n AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n HD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and other comorbidities inventory.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Maltreated children had a greater mean number of\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s than nonmaltreated children. In a co\u2010twin control design,\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010discordant monozygotic twins did not differ significantly for their number of\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, suggesting that\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n is not associated with an increased load of\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s when genetic and shared environmental factors are taken into account. However,\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with a small increase in symptoms of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010discordant MZ twins, although most of the covariance of\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n with\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms was explained by common genetic effects.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Maltreated children are at higher risk of having multiple\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. Our findings are, however, not consistent with the notion that\n CM<\/jats:styled-content>\n causes the increased\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n load in maltreated children. Maltreated children should receive a full neurodevelopmental assessment, and clinicians should be aware that children with multiple\n NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s are at higher risk of maltreatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T07:23:34Z","timestamp":1484637814000},"page":"691-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Maltreatment\u2010associated neurodevelopmental disorders: a co\u2010twin control analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Dinkler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Lundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for 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