{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:24:45Z","timestamp":1768451085500,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]],"date-time":"2017-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0400577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0400577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0900654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0900654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009360","name":"King\u2019s College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vagal reactivity to stress in children has been associated with future psychiatric outcomes. However, results have been mixed possibly because these effects are in opposite direction in boys and girls. These sex differences are relevant in the context of development of psychopathology, whereby the rates of psychiatric disorders differ by sex. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between vagal reactivity, assessed as a reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in response to a challenge, and the development of future oppositional defiant disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) symptoms in boys and girls. In addition, we examine the specific associations with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptom dimensions, named irritability and headstrong. We hypothesized that increased vagal reactivity was associated with increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms in girls and a reduction in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms in boys.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were members of the Wirral Child Health and Development Study, a prospective epidemiological longitudinal study of 1,233 first\u2010time mothers recruited at 20\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      during four nonstressful and one stressful (still\u2010face) procedures was assessed when children were aged 29\u00a0weeks in a sample stratified by adversity (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0270). Maternal reports of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms were collected when children were 2.5\u00a0years old (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0253), 3.5\u00a0years old (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0826), and 5\u00a0years old (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0770). Structural equation\u00a0modeling (\n                      <jats:italic>SEM<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was employed to test our hypotheses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a significant sex difference in the prediction of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms due to the opposite directionality in which increasing vagal reactivity was associated with an increase in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms in girls and a reduction of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms in boys. This Sex by Vagal reactivity interaction was common for both\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dimensions, with no sex by dimension\u2010specific associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Physiological reactivity to a stressful situation predicts differently\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms in boys and girls very early in life, with no difference across irritability and headstrong components. Findings are discussed in the context of the several mechanisms involved on the later development of distinct psychiatric disorders in boys and girls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]],"date-time":"2017-06-02T02:06:45Z","timestamp":1496369205000},"page":"988-997","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sex differences in the associations between vagal reactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Vidal\u2010Ribas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Pickles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Tibu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development Bucharest Early Intervention Project Lab Bucharest Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Health and Society University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading Reading UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400005538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.6.759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-201005000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940700034X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005112912906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054713520221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9437-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.3.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-9972-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00464"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM1001_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.00996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.4.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412001150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470091649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","volume-title":"The English Indices of Deprivation 2004 (revised). Report to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister","author":"Noble M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029500400106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714001342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181984f30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01989.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10101549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414000194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"666","article-title":"Sex differences in oppositional defiant disorder","volume":"23","author":"Trepat E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)62273-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.1.175"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjcpp.12750","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.12750","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T11:48:52Z","timestamp":1762170532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.12750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.12750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12750","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]]}}}