{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T13:24:06Z","timestamp":1773753846309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K05 DA025630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K05 DA025630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA02622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA02622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH050907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH050907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although resting heart rate (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and empathy are independently and negatively associated with violent behavior, relatively little is known about the interplay between these psychophysiological and temperament\u2010related risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using a sample of 160 low\u2010income, racially diverse men followed prospectively from infancy through early adulthood, this study examined whether\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and empathy during early adolescence independently and interactively predict violent behavior and related correlates in late adolescence and early adulthood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Controlling for child ethnicity, family income, and child antisocial behavior at age 12, empathy inversely predicted moral disengagement and juvenile petitions for violent crimes, while\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was unrelated to all measures of violent behavior. Interactive effects were also evident such that among men with\n                      <jats:italic>lower<\/jats:italic>\n                      but not higher levels of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , lower empathy predicted increased violent behavior, as indexed by juvenile arrests for violent offenses, peer\u2010reported violent behavior at age 17, self\u2010reported moral disengagement at age 17, and self\u2010reported violent behavior at age 20.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implications for prevention and intervention are considered. Specifically, targeting empathic skills among individuals at risk for violent behavior because of specific psychophysiological profiles may lead to more impactful interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T02:36:41Z","timestamp":1500863801000},"page":"1370-1380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Interactions between empathy and resting heart rate in early adolescence predict violent behavior in late adolescence and early adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Chard\u00e9e A.","family":"Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Ewon","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika E.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-2-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2011.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.2.364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-009-0086-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.101.4.568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073914558466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9557-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00991640"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Explaining delinquency and drug use","author":"Elliot D.S.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3760777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905401203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.2.246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(00)80055-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416001279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"Hollingshead A.(1975).Four factor index of social status. 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