{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:18:41Z","timestamp":1773789521476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["228685\/H10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["228685\/H10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2012\u201032695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2012\u201032695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2015\u201063965\u2010R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2015\u201063965\u2010R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four explanations for the concurrent and prospective associations between temperament and psychopathology in children have been suggested: predisposition, complication\/scar, common cause\/continuity, and pathoplasty\/exacerbation. Because the confounding effects of common causes have not been ruled out in prior work, the support for the various explanations is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Screen\u2010stratified community samples of 4\u2010year olds in Trondheim, Norway (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01,042), and 3\u2010year olds in Barcelona, Spain (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0622), were assessed biennially for symptoms of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), oppositional defiant (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), conduct (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), anxiety, and depressive disorders through interviewer\u2010based psychiatric interviews across four waves of data collection. The parents completed child temperament ratings. The data were analyzed with random and fixed effects regression adjusted for all time\u2010invariant unmeasured confounders (e.g., genetics, common methods bias, item overlap).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In both Norway and Spain and across ages, negative affect predisposed children to symptoms of all disorders except\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , low effortful control predisposed children to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010symptoms, and surgency predisposed children to increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010symptoms. Complication effects were observed in the Spanish children for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010symptoms, which increased surgency and diminished effortful control, and for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010symptoms, which decreased surgency. The common cause and pathoplasty\/exacerbation explanations were not supported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present results are consistent with the view that temperament plays a causal role in the development of symptoms of psychiatric disorders in children. Because temperament is malleable, interventions targeting the affective, attentional, and behavioral regulatory components of temperament may reduce psychopathology in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T06:18:48Z","timestamp":1499062728000},"page":"285-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Explaining the relationship between temperament and symptoms of psychiatric disorders from preschool to middle childhood: hybrid fixed and random effects models of Norwegian and Spanish children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3199-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Wichstr\u00f8m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"NTNU Social Research Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6796-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Penelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Diagn\u00f2stic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Rensvik Viddal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"de la Osa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Diagn\u00f2stic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Psicologia Cl\u00ednica i de la Salut Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Ezpeleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Diagn\u00f2stic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Psicologia Cl\u00ednica i de la Salut Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science","volume":"349","author":"Aarts A.A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412993869"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200001000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0461-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000746"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2010.0072"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038662"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN1703_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027742"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113508809","article-title":"The short and very short forms of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) in community sample of preschoolers","volume":"21","author":"Osa N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-009-0171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9459-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000205705.71194.b8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000620"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0683-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6094-3_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.12136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199710000-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-016-9794-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-9997-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711001966"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1913827"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Preschool psychopathology reported by parents in 23 societies: Testing the seven\u2010syndrome model of the child behavior checklist for ages 1.5\u20105","volume":"49","author":"Ivanova M.Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12141"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12300"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2013.841171"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000112"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4603-0_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.5.1165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2014.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12471"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034151"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-9982-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9832-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600005084"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjcpp.12772","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.12772","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jcpp.12772","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.12772","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T18:57:17Z","timestamp":1762196237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.12772"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.12772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12772","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]}}}