{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:43:52Z","timestamp":1790628232939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000739","name":"University of Southampton","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Conduct Disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is associated with impairments in facial emotion recognition. However, it is unclear whether such deficits are explained by a failure to attend to emotionally informative face regions, such as the eyes, or by problems in the appraisal of emotional cues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male and female adolescents with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and varying levels of callous\u2010unemotional (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) traits and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched typically developing (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) controls (aged 13\u201318) categorised the emotion of dynamic and morphed static faces. Concurrent eye tracking was used to relate categorisation performance to participants' allocation of overt attention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adolescents with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were worse at emotion recognition than\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      controls, with deficits observed across static and dynamic expressions. In addition, the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group fixated less on the eyes when viewing fearful and sad expressions. Across all participants, higher levels of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits were associated with fear recognition deficits and reduced attention to the eyes of surprised faces. Within the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group, however, higher\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits were associated with\n                      <jats:italic>better<\/jats:italic>\n                      fear recognition. Overall, males were worse at recognising emotions than females and displayed a reduced tendency to fixate the eyes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adolescents with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and particularly males, showed deficits in emotion recognition and fixated less on the eyes when viewing emotional faces. Individual differences in fixation behaviour predicted modest variations in emotion categorisation. However, group differences in fixation were small and did not explain the much larger group differences in categorisation performance, suggesting that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010related deficits in emotion recognition were not mediated by abnormal fixation patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T14:49:55Z","timestamp":1504795795000},"page":"247-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Facial emotion recognition and eye movement behaviour in conduct disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"N.A.","family":"Martin\u2010Key","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.W.","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.J.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7814-9938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Fairchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Bath Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797609359508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760807258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005","article-title":"Mixed\u2010effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items","volume":"59","author":"Baayen R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Bates D. 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