{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:10:00Z","timestamp":1787015400658,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation Research Vici NWO","award":["453-09-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["453-09-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Physiological hyperarousal in social situations is a characteristic of individuals with social anxiety disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), but so far it has been rarely studied as a biological risk for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Here, we investigate whether children at high risk for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (because of their parents\u2019\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) display physiological hyperarousal while interacting with a stranger. Also, we examine whether early physiological hyperarousal is related to later child social anxiety.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and seventeen children took part in the stranger\u2010approach task when they were 2.5 and 4.5\u00a0years old. Heart rate (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), heart rate variability (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and electrodermal activity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) were measured before, during, and after the conversation with a stranger. Both parents\u2019 lifetime\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      status and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      severity were assessed before the birth of the child. Both parents and children reported on children's social anxiety symptoms when children were 7.5.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children of parents with the lifetime\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      diagnosis did not differ in their physiological activity from children of parents without lifetime\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . However, children of parents with more severe\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      displayed heightened\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      throughout the task procedure. Increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and reduced\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      during the stranger\u2010approach and elevated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      throughout the task phases were linked to later child social anxiety.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parents\u2019 severity of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is related to child physiological hyperarousal early in their childhood. In addition, physiological hyperarousal in early childhood predicts later child social anxiety. Together, these findings suggest that early physiological hyperarousal in social situations may pose a risk for later child social anxiety and that physiological hyperarousal, and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in particular, may be a biological mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T10:14:41Z","timestamp":1505729681000},"page":"119-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Bumping heart and sweaty palms: physiological hyperarousal as a risk factor for child social anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Milica","family":"Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evin","family":"Aktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology Department Leiden University Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"B\u00f6gels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Colonnesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieke","family":"de Vente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410903532643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.97.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199704000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199712)4:4<251::AID-CPP136>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2008.1.2.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511546396.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Anxiety disorders interview schedule adult version: Client interview schedule","author":"Brown T.A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1413414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-14-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181ae09df"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","author":"Clark D.M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.018811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820160056007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950190046007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Goldsmith H.H. &Rothbart M.K.(1996).The laboratory temperament assessment battery locomotor version (manual) Technical manual. 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