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This has generated a debate about the potential harms versus benefits of early identification and treatment. This review aims to identify the evidence base for early intervention in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review searching for randomised controlled trials (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) of interventions for children up to 6\u00a0years of age with, or at risk of,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was undertaken. Characteristics and outcomes of included studies were collated and described in tabular format, and all included studies were rated according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010eight\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s were identified, of which 40 were published since 2010. Most studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a034) were undertaken in the United States. Included\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s evaluated 32 different models of intervention. If blinding of participants and relevant personnel is overlooked as a source of bias, only six studies met criteria for low risk of bias across all domains of the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The majority of studies had a relatively small sample size with only seven studies having a sample size &gt;100.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There has been a substantial increase in the number of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s evaluating early interventions in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . However, few studies, only 12.5% of the total, were rated as being at low risk of bias. Small sample size, unclear concealment of allocation and lack of clarity in the identification of the active ingredients in a diverse range of differently named treatment models were identified as challenges to the design, conduct and interpretation of studies. Improved co\u2010ordination and design of studies is, therefore, required if future research in the field is to more clearly investigate the effects of early intervention for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]],"date-time":"2017-10-20T08:03:16Z","timestamp":1508486596000},"page":"444-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Annual Research Review: Early intervention for infants and young children with, or at\u2010risk of, autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3413-2055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna","family":"French","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children, Young Adults and Families Department Tavistock Clinic London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eilis M.M.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children, Young Adults and Families Department Tavistock Clinic London UK"},{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/386951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2235-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361308094500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02395.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361311422052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2752-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine Bright Futures Periodicity Schedule Workgroup. 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