{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:01:14Z","timestamp":1789704074672,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0900654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0900654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0400577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0400577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Callous\u2010unemotional (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) traits are characterized by a lack of responsiveness to the emotions of others, particularly negative emotions. A parenting environment where the child's own distress emotions are sensitively responded to may help foster the child's ability to respond to the emotions of others. We tested whether maternal sensitivity to distress, and other parenting characteristics, were associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits over the preschool period, and examined whether this was mediated via infant attachment status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In an epidemiological cohort,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits were assessed at age 2.5, 3.5, and 5.0\u00a0years by mother report. Dimensions of parenting were assessed in free play at age 29\u00a0weeks in a stratified subsample of 272, and attachment status at 14\u00a0months (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0265). Structural equation\u00a0modelling with maximum likelihood estimation was used to examine predictions from parenting dimensions and attachment status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A parenting factor comprised of sensitivity to distress (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0207), sensitivity to non\u2010distress, positive regard toward the infant (or warmth), and intrusiveness, predicted child\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .023). This effect was accounted for mainly by sensitivity to distress (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .008) and positive regard (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .023) which showed a synergistic effect as evidenced by a significant interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .01). This arose because the combination of low sensitivity to distress and low positive regard created the risk for elevated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits. Although sensitivity and positive regard predicted attachment security and disorganization, there were no associations between attachment status and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The finding of contributions from both sensitivity to distress and positive regard to reduced\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      traits suggests that children's responsiveness to others\u2019 emotions may be increased by their own mothers\u2019 responsiveness to them and their mothers\u2019 warmth. There was no evidence that this was mediated via attachment status. Implications for intervention and future directions are discussed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T01:51:45Z","timestamp":1517277105000},"page":"790-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Maternal sensitivity to distress, attachment and the\u00a0development of callous\u2010unemotional traits in young children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3285-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Health and Society University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Health and Society University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Pickles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Department at the Institute of Psychiatry King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation","author":"Ainsworth M.D.S.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2010.547085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-0967-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsh017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.018150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00855.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Feldman R.(1998).Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) manual. 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