{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:45:06Z","timestamp":1794242706265,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NICHD: 1\u2010R01HD40219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NICHD: 1\u2010R01HD40219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIHR Team Grant: TMH\u2010103145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIHR Team Grant: TMH\u2010103145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals born extremely preterm are exposed to significant perinatal stresses that are associated with an increased risk of psychopathology. However, a paucity of longitudinal studies has prevented the empirical examination of long\u2010term, dynamic effects of perinatal adversity on mental health. Here, internalizing and externalizing problems from adolescence through adulthood were compared in individuals born at extremely low birth weight (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ; &lt;1,000\u00a0g) and normal birth weight (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ; &gt;2,500\u00a0g).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Internalizing and externalizing data were collected over 20\u00a0years in three waves, during adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. Growth models were used to compare longitudinal trajectories in a geographically based sample of 151\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      survivors and 137\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      control participants born between 1977 and 1982 matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status at age 8.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjusting for sex, socioeconomic and immigrant status, and family functioning,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      survivors failed to show the normative, age\u2010related decline in internalizing problems over time relative to their\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      peers (\u03b2\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.21;\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .01). Both groups exhibited small declines in externalizing problems over the same period. Self\u2010esteem (but not physical health,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , or maternal mood) partially mediated the association between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      status and internalizing problems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extremely low birth weight survivors experienced a blunting of the expected improvement in depression and anxiety from adolescence to adulthood. These findings suggest that altered physiological regulatory systems supporting emotional and cognitive processing may contribute to the maintenance of internalizing problems in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T06:52:00Z","timestamp":1524034320000},"page":"1192-1200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Trajectories of psychopathology in extremely low birth weight survivors from early adolescence to adulthood: a 20\u2010year longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Van Lieshout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health 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