{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:15:37Z","timestamp":1783653337394,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001722","name":"Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAH\/6635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAH\/6635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["024.001.003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024.001.003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451\u201015\u2010017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451\u201015\u2010017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["480\u201015\u2010001\/674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["480\u201015\u2010001\/674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the causal relationships between reading and print exposure and investigates whether the amount children read outside school determines how well they read, or vice versa. Previous findings from behavioural studies suggest that reading predicts print exposure. Here, we use twin\u2010data and apply the behaviour\u2010genetic approach of direction of causality modelling, suggested by Heath et\u00a0al. (), to investigate the causal relationships between these two traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Partial data were available for a large sample of twin children (\n                      <jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      11,559) and 262 siblings, all enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register. Children were assessed around 7.5\u00a0years of age. Mothers completed questionnaires reporting children's time spent on reading activities and reading ability. Additional information on reading ability was available through teacher ratings and performance on national reading tests. For siblings reading test, results were available.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reading ability of the twins was comparable to that of the siblings and national norms, showing that twin findings can be generalized to the population. A measurement model was specified with two latent variables, Reading Ability and Print Exposure, which correlated .41. Heritability analyses showed that Reading Ability was highly heritable, while genetic and environmental influences were equally important for Print Exposure. We exploited the fact that the two constructs differ in genetic architecture and fitted direction of causality models. The results supported a causal relationship running from Reading Ability to Print Exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>How much and how well children read are moderately correlated. Individual differences in print exposure are less heritable than individual differences in reading ability. Importantly, the present results suggest that it is the children's reading ability that determines how much they choose to read, rather than vice versa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T17:08:31Z","timestamp":1523380111000},"page":"1205-1214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Why do children read more? The influence of reading ability on voluntary reading practices"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsje","family":"van Bergen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret J.","family":"Snowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"St. John's College Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline L.","family":"de Zeeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina E.M.","family":"van Beijsterveldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor V.","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorret I.","family":"Boomsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/edre.4.2.143.6960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.23.3.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Cito Leerling Volgsysteem","author":"Cito","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022606501530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.6.934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370110606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888430903150642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025365325016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2016.1213266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01798.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01658.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2005.00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-009-9275-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612472204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9817.12060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021890"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539-017-0004-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2013.800521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888430701530730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2013.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.84.2.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2013.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.3.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1465"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.3.3.134","article-title":"Zygosity diagnosis in young twins by parental report","volume":"3","author":"Rietveld M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-004-2658-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1471OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2012.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","unstructured":"vanBergen E.(2017).Children who read more (i.e. have more print exposure) are better readers. Why do you think this is?. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/drElsje\/status\/874538280628486144[Twitter poll 13th June 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The intergenerational multiple deficit model and the case of dyslexia","volume":"8","author":"Bergen E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","volume-title":"Drie\u2010Minuten\u2010Toets. Handleiding [Three\u2010Minutes\u2010Test. Manual]","author":"Verhoeven L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888430902851356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1999.2559"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjcpp.12910","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.12910","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jcpp.12910","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.12910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T12:26:39Z","timestamp":1762172799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.12910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.12910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12910","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]}}}