{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:09:18Z","timestamp":1792145358235,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567468800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["538\u20102013\u20108864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["538\u20102013\u20108864"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005310","name":"Klarman Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1000183151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1000183151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholms L\u00e4ns Landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Immune system dysfunction may be associated with eating disorders (\n ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and could have implications for detection, risk assessment, and treatment of both autoimmune diseases and\n ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. However, questions regarding the nature of the relationship between these two disease entities remain. We evaluated the strength of associations for the bidirectional relationships between\n ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and autoimmune diseases.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this nationwide population\u2010based study, Swedish registers were linked to establish a cohort of more than 2.5 million individuals born in Sweden between January 1, 1979 and December 31, 2005 and followed up until December 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate: (a) subsequent risk of\n ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n s in individuals with autoimmune diseases; and (b) subsequent risk of autoimmune diseases in individuals with\n ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n s.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We observed a strong, bidirectional relationship between the two illness classes indicating that diagnosis in one illness class increased the risk of the other. In women, the diagnoses of autoimmune disease increased subsequent hazards of anorexia nervosa (\n AN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), bulimia nervosa (\n BN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and other eating disorders (\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Similarly,\n AN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n BN<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n increased subsequent hazards of autoimmune diseases.Gastrointestinal\u2010related autoimmune diseases such as, celiac disease and Crohn's disease showed a bidirectional relationship with\n AN<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Psoriasis showed a bidirectional relationship with\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The previous occurence of type 1 diabetes increased the risk for\n AN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n BN<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In men, we did not observe a bidirectional pattern, but prior autoimmune arthritis increased the risk for\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The interactions between\n ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and autoimmune diseases support the previously reported associations. The bidirectional risk pattern observed in women suggests either a shared mechanism or a third mediating variable contributing to the association of these illnesses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T01:01:15Z","timestamp":1536022875000},"page":"803-812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Bidirectional relationship between eating disorders and autoimmune diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Hedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Breithaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychology George Mason 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