{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:10:41Z","timestamp":1790698241640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004828","name":"Grand Challenges Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a distinct late\u2010onset attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) trajectory. Our objective is to test if there are distinct\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      trajectories regarding age of onset from childhood to adolescence and to compare clinical manifestations, cognitive functions and genetic risk for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      among distinct longitudinal groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine hundred and twenty four children and adolescents from the community participated in the study. We compared clinical, cognitive features and genetic risk among four groups of participants: (a) childhood\u2010limited, (b) youth\u2010onset, (c) childhood\u2010onset with youth persistence, and (d) community comparisons without\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Symptomatic and diagnostic assessments were performed using the Development and Well\u2010Being Behavior Assessment, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Cognitive functions were measured using a battery of standardized tests. Genetic risk for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was calculating using summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Half of the adolescents (52%) with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      had their symptom onset in adolescence. The impairment level of this group in adolescence is similar to the persistent group. Despite not having\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , the youth\u2010onset group already presented in childhood more symptoms from other domains of psychopathology, higher shared variance in psychiatric symptomatology (p\u2010factor), school impairment, and executive dysfunctions than community comparisons. Furthermore, the youth\u2010onset group presented lower levels of genetic risk for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      compared to other cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant proportion of adolescents with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were youth\u2010onset cases and presented similar impairment levels as those cases with early\u2010onset\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The presence of cognitive impairments and higher levels of clinical symptoms in the youth\u2010onset group already at childhood speaks in favor of a heterotypic trajectory of psychopathology suggesting that youth\u2010onset\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      might be an artificial consequence of categorizing dimensional psychopathology into discrete diagnostic groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T12:43:29Z","timestamp":1539780209000},"page":"533-544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Heterotypic trajectories of dimensional psychopathology across the lifespan: the case of youth\u2010onset attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Arthur Gus","family":"Manfro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Science UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT\u2010CNPq) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT\u2010CNPq) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"LiNC \u2013 Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Vanoni","family":"Polanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT\u2010CNPq) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department &amp; Institute of Psychiatry Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ary","family":"Gadelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT\u2010CNPq) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Mario","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT\u2010CNPq) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Affonseca","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT\u2010CNPq) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Brietzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT\u2010CNPq) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Talarico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT\u2010CNPq) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"LiNC \u2013 Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo 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