{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:41:57Z","timestamp":1788381717798,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003186","name":"Fredrik och Ingrid Thurings Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["340\u20102013\u20105867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340\u20102013\u20105867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently defined as a disorder with onset during childhood. Although ADHD occurs in adults as well as children, recent debate has focused on whether adult ADHD represents a continuation of a child\u2010onset disorder or if ADHD may, in at least some cases, have an adult onset. We therefore aimed to test the hypothesis of adult\u2010onset ADHD using a sample born relatively recently (1992\u20131999) in order to minimize confounding by secular changes in diagnostic practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 74 individuals with a community diagnosis of ADHD first assigned during adulthood. We also identified individuals with childhood (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0194) and adolescent (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0394) community diagnoses of ADHD. These groups were compared with a comparison group (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014,474) on their childhood ADHD and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and rate of other psychiatric diagnoses during childhood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Having an adulthood community diagnosis of ADHD was associated with a mean increase in childhood ADHD symptoms of approximately three times that of the comparison group. Individuals with an adult community diagnosis of ADHD also displayed more autistic traits, motor problems, learning difficulties, tics, and oppositional behavior. Forty two percent of these individuals, compared with 1% of comparison cases, had a psychiatric diagnosis other than ADHD as children. In post\u2010hoc analyses of 21 ADHD cases showing few or no ADHD symptoms in childhood, we were unable to detect any other childhood symptomatology in only nine cases, of whom six were female.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that alternative explanations for data that appear to show adult onset ADHD, such as sex biases in diagnostic practices, need rigorous testing before adult onset ADHD can be accepted as a valid clinical construct.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T05:19:28Z","timestamp":1539926368000},"page":"259-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Investigating the childhood symptom profile of community\u2010based individuals diagnosed with attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder as adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gillberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Lundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Sweden Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 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