{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:20:12Z","timestamp":1789269612016,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581984000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH093349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH093349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH093349\u2010S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH093349\u2010S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE1322106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE1322106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Children with the temperament of behavioral inhibition (\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) face increased risk for social anxiety. However, not all children with\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n develop anxiety symptoms. Inhibitory control (\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) has been suggested as a moderator of the pathway between\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and social anxiety. This study uses longitudinal data to characterize development of\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and tests the hypothesis that\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n moderates associations between early\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and later social anxiety symptoms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Children completed a Go\/Nogo task at ages 5, 7, and 10\u00a0years as part of a longitudinal study of\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (measured at 2\u20133\u00a0years) and social anxiety symptoms (measured at 12\u00a0years). To assess\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n development, response strategy (criterion) and inhibitory performance (\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2032) were characterized using signal detection theory. Latent growth models were used to characterize the development of\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and examine relations among\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n parameters, and social anxiety symptoms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n response strategy did not change between 5 and 10\u00a0years of age, whereas\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n performance improved over time.\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores in toddlerhood predicted neither initial levels (intercept) nor changes (slope) in\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n response strategy or\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n performance. However, between ages 5 and 10, rate of change in\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n performance, but not response strategy, moderated relations between\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and later parent\u2010reported social anxiety symptoms. Specifically, greater age\u2010related improvements in\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n performance predicted higher levels of social anxiety in high\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n children.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n development in childhood occurs independent of\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels. However, rapid increases in\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n performance moderate risk for social anxiety symptoms in children with\n BI<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Implications for theory and practice are discussed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T07:59:30Z","timestamp":1550476770000},"page":"622-629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Development of inhibitory control during childhood and its relations to early temperament and later social anxiety: unique insights provided by latent growth modeling and signal detection theory"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9979-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonya V.","family":"Troller\u2010Renfree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Buzzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen E.","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia C.","family":"Salo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa","family":"Forman\u2010Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanna J.","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Pine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program Intramural Research Program The National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather A.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Armstrong J. 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