{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T12:17:14Z","timestamp":1786191434737,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,18]],"date-time":"2019-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Extended Strengths and Weaknesses Assessment of Normal Behavior (E\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) reconceptualizes each diagnostic criterion for selected\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20105 disorders as a behavior, which can range from high (strengths) to low (weaknesses). Initial development focused on Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety, Major Depression, and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were collected from 523 participants (ages 6\u201317). Parents completed each of the four E\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scales and traditional unidirectional scales addressing the same disorders. Distributional properties, Item Response Theory Analysis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) curves were used to assess and compare the performance of E\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and traditional scales.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In contrast to the traditional scales, which exhibited truncated distributions, all four E\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scales had symmetric distributions.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      analyses indicate the E\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      subscales provided reliable information about respondents throughout the population distribution; traditional scales only provided reliable information about respondents at the high end of the distribution. Predictive value for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20105 diagnoses was comparable to prior scales.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      E\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      bidirectional scales can capture the full spectrum of the population distribution of behavior underlying\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      disorders. The additional information provided can better inform examination of inter\u2010individual variation in population studies, as well as facilitate the identification of factors related to resiliency in clinical samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T02:58:22Z","timestamp":1566183502000},"page":"40-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Measuring strengths and weaknesses in dimensional psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Developing Brain Child Mind Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni A.","family":"Salum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, Irvine Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Milham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Developing Brain Child Mind Institute New York NY USA"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation Nathan S. 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