{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:52:39Z","timestamp":1784238759837,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007264","name":"Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010\u2010JF\u2010FX\u20100612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010\u2010JF\u2010FX\u20100612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000870","name":"John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09\u201094942\u2010000 HCD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\u201094942\u2010000 HCD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000870","name":"John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10\u201095802\u2010000 HCD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10\u201095802\u2010000 HCD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research suggests that callous\u2013unemotional (CU) traits, a recent addition to psychiatric classification of serious conduct problems, may moderate the influence of a number of contextual factors (e.g., parenting, deviant peer influence) on an adolescent\u2019s adjustment. The current study sought to replicate past research showing that formal processing through the juvenile justice system increases recidivism and tested the novel hypothesis that CU traits would moderate the relationship between processing decision and future antisocial behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A diverse sample of first\u2010time male offenders (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01,216;\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      age\u00a0=\u00a015.12,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.29) in three regions of the United States was assessed within 6\u00a0weeks of their first arrest and then at 6\u2010month intervals for 36 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to those who were informally processed (i.e., diverted), adolescents formally processed through the court were at a higher risk of self\u2010reported offending and rearrests as measured by official records, after controlling for preexisting risk factors. However, baseline CU traits moderated this association such that those with high CU traits reported offending at high rates across the subsequent three years regardless of how the juvenile justice system processed their case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CU traits are important to psychiatric classification for designating a subgroup of antisocial youth who may respond differently to contextual influences, including being less susceptible to the negative effects of juvenile justice system involvement. The public health significance of this moderation is significant by suggesting that previous estimates of the harmful impact of formal processing by the juvenile justice system may\n                      <jats:italic>underestimate<\/jats:italic>\n                      its impact, given that the majority of arrested adolescents have normative levels of CU traits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T06:32:36Z","timestamp":1590388356000},"page":"212-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Do callous\u2013unemotional traits moderate the effects of the juvenile justice system on later offending behavior?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7643-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7335-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J.","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA"},{"name":"Institute for Learning Sciences &amp; Teacher Education Australian Catholic University Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James V.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Criminal Justice University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5209-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura C.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Family Health Louisiana Department of Health Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0354-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina D.","family":"Wall Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Dayton Dayton OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Temple University Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"Center for Social and Humanities Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cauffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Beck A.J. 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