{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:55:57Z","timestamp":1791561357527,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hypotheses were tested regarding the characteristics of children with mathematical learning disabilities (MLD): (a) that children with MLD would have a \u2018core deficit\u2019 in basic number processing skills; and (b) that children with MLD would be at the end of a developmental continuum and have impairments in many cognitive skills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From a large sample (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01,303) of typically developing children, we selected a group definable as having MLD. The children were given measures of basic number processing and domain\u2010general constructs. Differences between the observed sample and a simulated population were estimated using Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Bayes factors. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the area under the curve was computed to ascertain the diagnostic power of measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that the differences between the MLD and control group can be defined along with general characteristics of the population rather than assuming single or multiple \u2018core deficits\u2019. None of the measures of interest exceeded the diagnostic power that could be derived via simulation from the dimensional characteristics of the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is no evidence for core deficit(s) in MLD. We suggest that future research should focus on representative samples of typical populations and on carefully tested clinical samples confirming to the criteria of international diagnostic manuals. Clinical diagnoses require that MLD is persistent and resistant to intervention, so studies would deliver results less exposed to measurement fluctuations. Uniform diagnostic criteria would also allow for the easy cross\u2010study comparison of samples overcoming a serious limitation of the current literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T19:14:18Z","timestamp":1615230858000},"page":"704-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["No evidence for a core deficit in developmental dyscalculia or mathematical learning disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene C.","family":"Mammarella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Social Psychology University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Toffalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychology University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Caviola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Social Psychology University of Padova  Padova Italy"},{"name":"School of Psychology University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lincoln","family":"Colling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Sussex  Sussex UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denes","family":"Sz\u0171cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(5th edn).Washington DC:Author.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721420925518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2018-017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"The mathematical brain","author":"Butterworth B.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385948-8.00016-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506463102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Measuring intelligence with the culture fair tests. Institute for Personality and Ability Testing [Italian edition: Misurare l\u2019intelligenza con i test \u201cCulture Fair\u201d]","author":"Cattell R.B.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12957"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"AC\u2010MT 11\u201314: Test for assessing calculation and problem solving skills [\u201cTest AC\u2010MT 11\u201314 \u2010 Test di Valutazione delle Abilit\u00e0 di Calcolo e Problem Solving\u201d]","author":"Cornoldi C.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"AC\u2010MT 6\u201311: Test for assessing calculation and problem solving skills [\u201cTest AC\u2010MT 6\u201311 \u2010 Test di Valutazione delle Abilit\u00e0 di Calcolo e Problem Solving\u201d]","author":"Cornoldi C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"The number sense: How the mind creates mathematics, revised and updated edition","author":"Dehaene S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2013.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194040370010201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2000.2561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614551642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2013.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139087759"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2004.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-003-0011-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","volume-title":"BayesFactor: Computation of Bayes factors for common designs. R package version 0.9.12\u20102","author":"Morey R.D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194070400050901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2004.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654317753350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2019.100115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5038\/1936-4660.6.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","volume-title":"Battery for the assessment of dyslexia and developmental dysorthography [\u201cBatteria per la valutazione della dislessia edella disortografia evolutiva\u201d]","author":"Sartori G.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135467997387434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2016.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2000797"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2013.824781"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980143000550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","unstructured":"Zhu W. Zeng N. &Wang N.(2010).Sensitivity specificity accuracy associated confidence interval and ROC analysis with practical SAS\u00aeimplementations.Northeast SAS Users Group 2010: Health Care and Life Sciences."}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.13397","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jcpp.13397","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.13397","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T16:04:51Z","timestamp":1762185891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.13397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.13397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13397","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}