{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:07:32Z","timestamp":1790644052190,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Good quality parenting in early childhood is reliably associated with positive mental and physical health over the lifespan. The hypothesis that early parenting quality has significant long\u2010term financial benefits has not been previously tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Design: Longitudinal study with follow\u2010up from 2012 to 2016.\n                      <jats:italic>Setting:<\/jats:italic>\n                      UK multicentre study cohort (London, South\u2010East England).\n                      <jats:italic>Participants:<\/jats:italic>\n                      174 young people drawn from 2 samples, one at moderate risk of poor outcomes and one at high risk, assessed aged 4\u20136\u2009years then followed up in early adolescence (mean age 12.1\u2009years).\n                      <jats:italic>Measures<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>:<\/jats:bold>\n                      The primary outcome was total costs: health, social care, extra school support, out\u2010of\u2010home placements and family\u2010born expenditure, determined through semistructured economic interviews. Early parenting quality was independently assessed through direct observation of parent\u2013child interaction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Costs were lower for youths exposed to more sensitive parenting (most sensitive quartile mean \u00a31,619, least sensitive quartile mean \u00a321,763;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Costs were spread across personal family expenditure and education, health, social and justice services. The cost difference remained significant after controlling for several potential confounders. These included demographic variables (family poverty, parental education); exposure to child abuse; and child\/young person variables including level of antisocial behaviour in both childhood and adolescence, IQ and attachment security.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first showing that more sensitive early parental care predicts lower costs to society many years later, independent of poverty, child and youth antisocial behaviour levels and IQ. Savings are likely to increase as individuals grow older since early parenting quality predicts health, behavioural and occupational outcomes in adulthood. The findings provide novel evidence for the public health impact of early caregiving quality and likely financial benefits of improving it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T19:31:52Z","timestamp":1625081512000},"page":"78-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A good investment: longer\u2010term cost savings of sensitive parenting in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Christian J.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Beecham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Economics and Personal Social Services Research Unit Cornwallis Central University of Kent Canterbury Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Obstetrics and Gynecology Wynne Center for Family Research University of Rochester Rochester NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Briskman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Academy for Parenting Research King\u2019s College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience King\u2019s College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Academy for Parenting Research King\u2019s College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience King\u2019s College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation","author":"Ainsworth M.D.S.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003498X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(88)90050-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Measuring Mental Health Needs","author":"Beecham J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30145-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.3007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30369-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2011.01217.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.3336"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-008-9057-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/228943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Unit costs of health and social care 2010","author":"Curtis L.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"NHS reference costs 2009\u20132010","author":"Department of Health and Social Care","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2270481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12473"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000824"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Costs and effectiveness of the fast track intervention for antisocial behavior","volume":"13","author":"Foster E.M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/phr05100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","volume-title":"The hidden wealth of nations","author":"Halpern D.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Social capital and the development of youth from nondivorced, divorced and remarried families. 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