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However, the influence of these processes on treatment outcomes has received minimal attention. This study examined whether cognitive control processes and\/or tic suppression predicted reductions in tic severity and treatment response to behavior therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010three youth with TD or a pervasive tic disorder participated in a randomized wait list\u2010controlled trial of behavior therapy. Following a baseline assessment to evaluate psychiatric diagnoses, tic severity, and cognitive control processes (e.g., response selection, inhibition, and suppression), youth were randomly assigned to receive eight sessions of behavior therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923) or a wait list of equal duration (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928). Youth receiving immediate treatment completed a post\u2010treatment assessment to determine improvement in tic severity. Meanwhile, youth in the wait list condition completed another assessment to re\u2010evaluate tic severity and cognitive control processes, and subsequently received 8 sessions of behavior therapy followed by a post\u2010treatment assessment to determine improvement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A multiple linear regression model found that pretreatment inhibition\/switching on the Delis\u2010Kaplan Executive Function System Color\u2010Word Interference Test predicted reductions in tic severity after behavior therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\u2212.36,\n                      <jats:italic>t\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\u22122.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.025,\n                      <jats:italic>\u019e<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.15). However, other cognitive control processes and tic suppression did not predict treatment response and\/or reductions in tic severity. Small nonsignificant effects were observed in cognitive control processes after behavior therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive control processes may influence tic severity reductions in behavior therapy. Notably, even when other cognitive control processes are impaired and youth are initially unable to voluntarily suppress their tics, youth with TD can still benefit from behavior therapy. Findings offer implications for clinical practice and research for TD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T02:20:00Z","timestamp":1624328400000},"page":"296-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cognitive control processes in behavior therapy for youth with Tourette\u2019s disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"McGuire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Loyola Marymount University Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Ricketts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle E.","family":"Montalbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra K.","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Marquette University Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445514531015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02739615.2014.948164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.12.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-010-0211-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Delis\u2010Kaplan executive function system (D\u2010KEFS). 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