{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:37:57Z","timestamp":1792431477476,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC\u20102017\u2010STG\u2010757364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC\u20102017\u2010STG\u2010757364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC\u2010CoG\u20102015\u2010681466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC\u2010CoG\u20102015\u2010681466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006209","name":"Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002989","name":"Descartes Centre voor Wetenschapsgeschiedenis en Wetenschapsfilosofie, Universiteit Utrecht","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000782","name":"European Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP\u2010006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP\u2010006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because of the widespread use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and the devastating effects of depression both on an individual and a societal level, it is crucial to understand the nature of the previously reported relationship between OC use and depression risk. Insight into the impact of analytical choices on the association is important when interpreting available evidence. Hence, we examined the association between adolescent OC use and subsequent depression risk in early adulthood analyzing all theoretically justifiable models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the prospective cohort study TRacking Adolescents\u2019 Individual Lives Survey, among women aged 13\u201325\u2009years were used. Adolescent OC use (ages 16\u201319\u2009years) was used as a predictor and major depressive disorder (MDD) in early adulthood (ages 20\u201325\u2009years), as assessed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u2010IV oriented Lifetime Depression Assessment Self\u2010Report and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, was used as an outcome. A total of 818 analytical models were analyzed using Specification Curve Analysis in 534 adolescent OC users and 191 nonusers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, there was an association of adolescent OC use and an episode of MDD in early adulthood [median odds ratio (OR)\n                      <jats:sub>median<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.41; OR\n                      <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.08; OR\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.18,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001], which was driven by the group of young women with no history of MDD (OR\n                      <jats:sub>median<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.72; OR\n                      <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.21; OR\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.18,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, adolescent OC use was associated with a small but robust increased risk for experiencing an episode of MDD, especially among women with no history of MDD in adolescence. Understanding the potential side effects of OCs will help women and their doctors to make informed choices when deciding among possible methods of birth control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:38:00Z","timestamp":1626136680000},"page":"333-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Association between adolescent oral contraceptive use and future major depressive disorder: a\u00a0prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Anderl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9536-2148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anouk E.","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik J.","family":"Giltay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center Leiden Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3925-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albertine J.","family":"Oldehinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Anticonceptiemiddelen (Zvw). (2019).National Health Care Institute. Available from:https:\/\/www.zorginstituutnederland.nl\/Verzekerde+zorg\/anticonceptiemiddelen\u2010zvw"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2314-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-014-0453-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000459866.14114.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-004-4948-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Association of use of oral contraceptives with depressive symptoms among adolescents and young women","volume":"77","author":"Wit A.E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of American Medical Association Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.002071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Insurance Coverage of Contraceptives","author":"Guttmacher Institute","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.1.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2015.1134425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721420964039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0506-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1999.0189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0912-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Association of hormonal contraception with depression","volume":"73","author":"Skovlund C.W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"The social and economic benefits of women\u2019s ability to determine whether and when to have children","author":"Sonfield A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. (2019).Contraceptive use by method 2019. Data Booklet (ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/435). Available from:https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/sites\/www.un.org.development.desa.pd\/files\/files\/documents\/2020\/Jan\/un_2019_contraceptiveusebymethod_databooklet.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00243639.2016.1211863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105219"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.13476","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jcpp.13476","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.13476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T20:15:49Z","timestamp":1762200949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.13476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.13476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13476","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}