{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:49:56Z","timestamp":1789516196116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HD066040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HD066040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000082","name":"Division of Graduate Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE 1256260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE 1256260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000082","name":"Division of Graduate Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE 1650114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE 1650114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010MH081813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010MH081813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Callous\u2010unemotional (CU) traits are associated with chronic and escalating trajectories of antisocial behavior. Extant etiologic studies suggest that heritability estimates for CU traits vary substantially, while also pointing to an environmental association between parenting and CU traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used twin modeling to estimate additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and nonshared environmental (E) influences on CU traits, measured with the Inventory of Callous\u2010Unemotional Traits (ICU) and its subscales. Our sample included 600 twin pairs (age 6\u201311, 230 monozygotic) from neighborhoods with above\u2010average levels of family poverty, a risk factor for antisocial behavior. We examined the extent to which correlations between parenting, measured via parent and child report on the Parental Environment Questionnaire, and CU traits reflected genetic versus environmental factors. Then, we tested whether parenting moderated the heritability of CU traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the context of lower\u2010income neighborhoods, CU traits were moderately to highly heritable (\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200954%) with similar moderate\u2010to\u2010high nonshared environmental influences (\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200946%). Bivariate models revealed that associations between CU traits and\n                      <jats:italic>warm<\/jats:italic>\n                      parenting were genetic (rA\u2009=\u2009.22) and environmental (rE\u2009=\u2009.19) in origin, whereas associations between CU traits and\n                      <jats:italic>harsh<\/jats:italic>\n                      parenting were largely genetic in origin (rA\u2009=\u2009.70). The heritability of CU traits decreased with increasing parental warmth and decreasing harshness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Callous\u2010unemotional traits are both genetic and environmental in origin during middle childhood, but genetic influences are moderated by parenting quality. Parenting may be an important target for interventions, particularly among youth with greater genetic risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T01:45:27Z","timestamp":1637286327000},"page":"912-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Parenting moderates the etiology of callous\u2010unemotional traits in middle childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4349-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5947-7896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke W.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailey L.","family":"Dotterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Klump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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