{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:21:06Z","timestamp":1788970866222,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015741","name":"Kids Brain Health Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015741","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000073","name":"Autism Speaks","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000764","name":"King's College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["204823\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204823\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000031","name":"Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012204","name":"Sinneave Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009362","name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Language regression, broadly defined as the loss of acquired language skills in early childhood, is a distinctive feature of autism. Little is known about the factors underlying regression or the prognosis of children who exhibit regression. We examine potential predictors of language regression and test its association with language development in a prospective longitudinal sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from diagnosis to age 10\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from Pathways in ASD, a prospective longitudinal study of 421 children enrolled around the time of an autism diagnosis between 2 and 5\u2009years. Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2010Revised data were available for 408 children, of whom 90 (22%) were classified as having language regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic and other health factors including caregiver education, family income, child sex, reported seizures, and age of enrolment did not differ between children with and without language regression. Children with language regression walked earlier and attained first words sooner than those without regression. However, both groups attained phrase speech at comparable ages. Those with regression exhibited greater delays in expressive and receptive communication over the follow\u2010up period, although this effect was attenuated when accounting for baseline differences in motor and cognitive ability. Overall, those with language regression continued to exhibit expressive but not receptive communication delay compared to those without regression. Communication trajectories were heterogeneous to age 10\u2009years, irrespective of regression status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although language regression can be alarming, our findings confirm that its occurrence does not necessarily foreshadow worse developmental outcomes relative to those without regression. Although a discrepancy in age\u2010equivalent communication skills may persist, this can be expected to be of less practical importance with rising average levels of skills. Future studies need to account for the significant variability in language trajectories by considering factors beyond developmental regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T01:19:52Z","timestamp":1643591992000},"page":"1243-1251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Predictors of language regression and its association with subsequent communication development in children with autism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Pickles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath  Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Steiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Autism Research Montreal Neurological Hospital McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Duku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stelios","family":"Georgiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor M.","family":"Kerns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pat","family":"Mirenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University  Halifax NS Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy J.","family":"Ungar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Vaillancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Waddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Zaidman\u2010Zait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonnie","family":"Zwaigenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta  Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Szatmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayada","family":"Elsabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Autism Research Montreal Neurological Hospital McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Pathways in ASD Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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