{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T09:32:44Z","timestamp":1793179964514,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25MH118935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25MH118935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 MH110001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 MH110001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oppositional Defiant Disorders (ODDs) and other Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) are common among children and adolescents in poverty\u2010impacted communities in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. Without early intervention, its progression into adulthood can result in dire consequences. We examined the impact of a manualized family strengthening intervention called\n                      <jats:italic>Amaka Amasanyufu<\/jats:italic>\n                      designed to reduce ODDs and other DBDs among school\u2010going children residing in low\u2010resource communities in Uganda.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used longitudinal data from the SMART Africa\u2010Uganda study (2016\u20132022). Public primary schools were randomized to: (1) Control condition (receiving usual care comprising generalized psychosocial functioning literature), 10 schools; (2) intervention delivered via parent peers (Amaka\u2010parents), 8 schools or; (3) intervention delivered via community healthcare workers (Amaka\u2010community), 8 schools. All the participants were blinded. At baseline, 8\u2010 and 16\u2010weeks postintervention initiation, caregivers completed the Iowa Conners Scale, which measured Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Impairment Rating Scale to evaluate children\u2019s overall impairment and impaired functioning with peers, siblings, and parents; impaired academic progress, self\u2010esteem, and family functioning. Three\u2010level linear mixed\u2010effects models were fitted to each outcome. Pairwise comparisons of postbaseline group means within each time point were performed using Sidak\u2019s adjustment for multiple comparisons. Only children positive for ODD and other DBDs were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six hundred and thirty\u2010six children screened positive for ODDs and other DBDs (Controls:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009243; Amaka\u2010parents:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009194; Amaka\u2010community:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009199). At 8\u2009weeks, Amaka\u2010parents\u2019 children had significantly lower mean scores for overall impairment compared to controls, (mean difference: \u22120.71,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001), while Amaka\u2010community children performed better on ODD (mean difference: \u22120.84,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.016). At 16\u2009weeks, children in both groups were performing better on ODD and IRS than controls, and there were no significant differences between the two intervention groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Amaka Amasanyufu intervention was efficacious in reducing ODD and impaired functioning relative to usual care. Hence, the Amaka Amasanyufu intervention delivered either by Amaka\u2010community or Amaka\u2010parents has the potential to reduce negative behavioral health outcomes among young people in resource\u2010limited settings and improve family functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03081195. Registered on 16 March 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T05:27:55Z","timestamp":1641446875000},"page":"1252-1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The longitudinal impact of an evidence\u2010based multiple family group intervention (\n                    <i>Amaka Amasanyufu<\/i>\n                    ) on oppositional defiant disorder and impaired functioning among children in Uganda: analysis of a cluster randomized trial from the SMART Africa\u2010Uganda scale\u2010up study (2016\u20132022)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Brathwaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown School International Center for Child Health and Development Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred M.","family":"Ssewamala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown School International Center for Child Health and Development Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Sensoy Bahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown School International Center for Child Health and Development Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown School Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten B.","family":"Neilands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention Science University of California  San Francisco CA 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