{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:00:35Z","timestamp":1789768835983,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N022572\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N022572\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/N007921\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/N007921\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/R008930\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/R008930\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011706","name":"Autistica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autism can be diagnosed from 2\u2009years of age, although most autistic people receive their diagnosis later than this after they have started education. Research is required to understand why some autistic children are diagnosed late, and the level and nature of unmet need prior to diagnosis for late\u2010diagnosed children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined trajectories of emotional, behavioural and social difficulties (EBSDs) across childhood and adolescence, comparing \u2018earlier\u2010diagnosed\u2019 (diagnosed 7\u2009years or younger) with \u2018late\u2010diagnosed\u2019 (diagnosed between 8 and 14\u2009years) autistic children. Data were from the Millennium Cohort Study, a population\u2010based UK birth cohort. EBSDs were measured using the parent\u2010report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, at 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14\u2009years. We used Growth Curve Modelling to investigate levels and rates of change in these difficulties, and to compare earlier\u2010 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009146) and late\u2010diagnosed (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009284) autistic children.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aged 5, earlier\u2010diagnosed autistic children had more emotional (i.e., internalising), conduct, hyperactivity and social difficulties; although clinical difficulties in these areas were nevertheless common in late\u2010diagnosed children. There was a faster annual increase in scores for all domains for late\u2010diagnosed children, and by age 14\u2009years, they had higher levels of EBSDs. These results persisted when we ran adjusted models, to account for the late\u2010diagnosed group having higher rates of late\u2010diagnosed attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, higher IQ, a higher proportion of females and older and more educated mothers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emotional, behavioural and social difficulties are associated with, and may influence, the timing of autism diagnosis. Late\u2010diagnosed autistic children often have high levels of mental health and social difficulties prior to their autism diagnosis, and tend to develop even more severe problems as they enter adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T23:25:12Z","timestamp":1645053912000},"page":"1405-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Mental health and social difficulties of late\u2010diagnosed autistic children, across childhood and adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Will","family":"Mandy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology UCL  London 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