{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:18:58Z","timestamp":1785763138950,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Characteristics of traumatic events may be associated with the level and specific manifestation of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This study examined the differences and similarities between overall levels, profiles and networks of PTSS after sexual trauma, domestic violence, community violence, non\u2010interpersonal trauma, sudden loss or serious illness of a loved one, and severe bullying or threats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PTSS were measured in a clinical sample of 4,921 children and adolescents (6\u201318\u2009years old,\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914.0,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.7, 63.7% female) referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. We compared 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each symptom with 95% CI for overall PTSS within each trauma type (self\u2010reported worst trauma). We also computed cross\u2010sectional networks and searched for differences in networks according to trauma type and overall symptom level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall frequencies of PTSS were highest following sexual trauma; somewhat lower for domestic violence and severe bullying or threats and lowest after community violence, non\u2010interpersonal trauma and sudden loss or serious illness. Psychological cue reactivity, avoidance and difficulties with sleeping and concentrating were generally among the most frequent symptoms. Sexual trauma, domestic violence and severe bullying or threats were associated with higher frequencies of negative beliefs and persistent negative emotional states. Few differences in symptom networks across trauma type emerged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Different types of trauma exposure may be associated with different profiles of symptom frequencies. Knowledge about this may be useful for clinicians and for the movement towards evidence\u2010based personalized psychological treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T21:14:01Z","timestamp":1647638041000},"page":"1496-1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Understanding the relationships between trauma type and individual posttraumatic stress symptoms: a cross\u2010sectional study of a clinical sample of children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2388-8474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne Skogbrott","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ane\u2010Marthe Solheim","family":"Skar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine K.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001944"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470479193.adlpsy002004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.20706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 26.0","author":"Corp I.B.M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010017\u20100862\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"Epskamp S. &Fried E.(2018).Bootnet: Bootstrap methods for various network estimation routines. 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