{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T23:41:20Z","timestamp":1788824480761,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to community violence is common worldwide and is associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children. Little is known about sources of resilience. Building on our previous work on the contribution of callous\u2010unemotional (CU) traits to child aggression in Colombia, we examined whether positive parenting is protective for children whose families are exposed to community violence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Families were recruited from three demographically contrasting regions of Colombia. The sample comprised 235 children aged 3.5\u2009years and their mothers, of whom 220 (93%) were followed up at age 5.0\u2009years. Positive parenting was assessed as the average of maternal warmth and reciprocity, and as praise, and negative parenting as the average of negative affect and conflict seen in video recordings of standardized procedures. CU traits and oppositional defiant disorder were assessed by maternal report at ages 3.5 and 5.0\u2009years, and mothers reported exposure to community violence over the 18\u2009months between assessments. A range of potential confounds was included in adjusted analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the families who were exposed to community violence, but not in the unexposed, maternal warmth and reciprocity were associated prospectively with lower CU traits (interaction,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.007). In the exposed group maternal warmth and reciprocity explained 10% of the variance (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001). Maternal praise was not associated with CU traits. Maternal negative parenting predicted higher CU traits as the main effect but not in interaction with community violence exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal warmth and reciprocity with young children may promote resilience in the face of community violence. Programmes to enhance these protective processes may be needed especially where prospects for reducing community violence are limited. The centrality of parents for these children highlights the plight of those exposed to community violence, and also either separated from parents or orphaned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T08:44:18Z","timestamp":1652085858000},"page":"197-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Warmth and reciprocity with mothers, and young children's resilience to exposure to community violence in Colombia: findings from the La Sabana Parent\u2013Child Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Obando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universidad de La Sabana  Chia Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Manchester Metropolitan University  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading  Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment","author":"Ainsworth M.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis factorial confirmatorio del inventario de callo emocional (versi\u00f3n breve: ice\u201013) en adolescentes mexicanos","volume":"23","author":"Amador L.O.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archivos de Criminolog\u00eda, Criminal\u00edstica y Seguridad Privada"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.71.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-0967-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Community violence and reactive and proactive aggression: The mediating role of cognitive and emotional variables","volume":"21","author":"Chaux E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Colombiana de Psicolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112740"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1013087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Nueva metodolog\u00eda de estratificaci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica","author":"Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estad\u00edstica \u2010 DANE","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"Eyberg S.M. 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