{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:04:00Z","timestamp":1792562640409,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH102729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH102729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growing evidence shows an association between in utero exposure to natural disasters and child behavioral problems, but we still know little about the development of specific psychopathology in preschool\u2010aged children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Preschool children (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009163, mean age\u2009=\u20093.19, 85.5% racial and ethnic minorities) and their parents (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009151) were evaluated annually at ages 2\u20135 to assess the emergence of psychopathology using the Preschool Age Psychopathological Assessment (PAPA), a parent\u2010report structured diagnostic interview developed for preschool\u2010age children. Sixty\u2010six (40.5%) children were exposed to Sandy Storm (SS) in utero and 97 (59.5%) were not. Survival analysis evaluated patterns of onset and estimated cumulative risks of psychopathology among exposed and unexposed children, in total and by sex. Analyses were controlled for the severity of objective and subjective SS\u2010related stress, concurrent family stress, and demographic and psychosocial confounders, such as maternal age,\u00a0race, SES, maternal substance use, and normative prenatal stress.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exposure to SS in utero was associated with a substantial increase in depressive disorders (Hazard Ratio (HR)\u2009=\u200916.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.030), anxiety disorders (HR\u2009=\u20095.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), and attention\u2010deficit\/disruptive behavioral disorders (HR\u2009=\u20093.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02). Diagnostic rates were elevated for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; HR\u2009=\u20098.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.004), attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; HR\u2009=\u20095.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01), oppositional\u2010defiant disorder (ODD; HR\u2009=\u20093.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.05), and separation\u2010anxiety disorder (SAD; HR\u2009=\u20093.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001). Males had distinctively elevated risks for attention\u2010deficit\/disruptive behavioral disorders (HR\u2009=\u20097.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02), including ADHD, CD, and ODD, whereas females had elevated risks for anxiety disorders (HR\u2009=\u200910.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), phobia (HR\u2009=\u20092.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02) and depressive disorders (HR\u2009=\u200930.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.03), including SAD, GAD, and dysthymia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings demonstrate that in utero exposure to a major weather\u2010related disaster (SS) was associated with increased risk for psychopathology in children and provided evidence of distinct psychopathological outcomes as a function of sex. More attention is needed to understand specific parent, child, and environmental factors which account for this increased risk, and to develop mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T08:01:51Z","timestamp":1663747311000},"page":"1080-1091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prenatal exposure to a natural disaster and early development of psychiatric disorders during the preschool years: stress in pregnancy study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Queens College  Flushing NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Graduate Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Newcorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Ginalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Queens College  Flushing NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Graduate Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Heitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Queens College  Flushing NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeenia","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Queens College  Flushing NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzana","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Queens College  Flushing NY USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine New York Medical College  Valhalla NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mardia","family":"Nasrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Queens College  Flushing NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Health Professions St. John's University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Sie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Queens College  Flushing NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"DeIngeniis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology CUNY Queens College  Flushing NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin L.","family":"Hurd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Parenting stress index","author":"Abidin R.R.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91340-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/79.1.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198809000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201295109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01615-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"The social psychology of health","author":"Cohen S.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egger H.L. 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