{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:44:39Z","timestamp":1762181079966,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD041702","R01ES031272","R01ES031521","R01HD086013","R01HD098232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD041702","R01ES031272","R01ES031521","R01HD086013","R01HD098232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a lack of longitudinal data to examine the impact of COVID\u201019 on all types of clinical encounters among United States, underrepresented BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and people of color), children. This study aims to examine the changes in all the outpatient clinical encounters during the pandemic compared to the baseline, with particular attention to psychiatric encounters and diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed 3\u2010year (January 2019 to December 2021) longitudinal clinical encounter data from 3,394 children in the Boston Birth Cohort, a US urban, predominantly low\u2010income, Black and Hispanic children. Outcomes of interest were completed outpatient clinical encounters and their modalities (telemedicine vs. in person), including psychiatric care and diagnoses, primary care, emergency department (ED), and developmental and behavioral pediatrics (DBP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study children's mean (\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) age is 13.9 (4.0) years. Compared to 2019, psychiatric encounters increased by 38% in 2020, most notably for diagnoses of adjustment disorders, depression, and post\u2010traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). In contrast, primary care encounters decreased by 33%, ED encounters decreased by 55%, and DBP care decreased by 16% in 2020. Telemedicine was utilized the most for psychiatric and DBP encounters and the least for primary care encounters in 2020. A remarkable change in 2021 was the return of primary care encounters to the 2019 level, but psychiatric encounters fluctuated with spikes in COVID\u201019 case numbers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among this sample of US BIPOC children, compared to the 2019 baseline, psychiatric encounters increased by 38% during 2020, most notably for the new diagnoses of adjustment disorder, depression, and PTSD. The 2021 data showed a full recovery of primary care encounters to the baseline level but psychiatric encounters remained sensitive to the pandemic spikes. The long\u2010term impact of the pandemic on children's mental health warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T22:35:35Z","timestamp":1682289335000},"page":"631-643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 on psychiatric clinical encounters among low\u2010income racially\u2010diverse children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1847-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena A.","family":"Rusk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"DiBari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana M.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiumei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Mirolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina L.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Kogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Boston University Chobanian &amp; 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